FINALS - NEMATODES Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Nematodes are commonly known as ___
A
roundworms
2
Q
aThe adults appear __ in cross section
A
rounded
3
Q
Life cycle consists of three morphologic forms:
A
begins with eggs that develop into larva and finally would mature into its adult form
4
Q
are roundworms segmented
A
nope
5
Q
Considered __, which means it consists of
both sexes
A
dioecious
6
Q
Mostly are intestinal parasites
true or false
A
true
7
Q
what is the posterior end of the male form
A
curved
8
Q
what is the posterior end of the female
A
straight or pointed
9
Q
the typical form for reproductive abilities of female forms
A
ovoviviparous
10
Q
a form which the egg lacks larva
A
oviparous
11
Q
female will lay larva, no eggs
A
larvifarous
12
Q
larvifarous example
A
strongyloides stercolaris
13
Q
what is the biggest intestinal round worm
A
ascaris lumbricoides
14
Q
disease associated for ascaris lumbricoides is
A
ascariasis
15
Q
habitat of ascaris lumbricoides
A
small intestine - duodenum
16
Q
MOT of ascaris lumbricoides
A
ingestion; feco oral
17
Q
infective stage of ascaris lumbricoides
A
Embryonated egg
18
Q
Diagnostic stage
of ascaris lumbricoides
A
Fertilized and unfertilized
egg
19
Q
Diagnosis of ascaris lumbricoides
A
Stool exam, concentration technique
20
Q
Drug of choice for ascaris lumbricoides
A
Albendazole
(Mebendazole and
Pyrantel Pamoate)
21
Q
in terms of shape of the ascaris lumbricoides, what will be the unfertilized
A
ovoidal and decorticated (thin shell)
22
Q
in terms of shape of the ascaris lumbricoides, what will be the fertilized
A
rounded and corticated (thick mammaliary shell)
23
Q
in the anterior view of the ascaris, we will be able to observe the
A
mouth - trilobate lips
24
Q
the outer coating of the ascaris is known as
A
cuticle
25
the posterior curved part of the male form is called
spicule or copulatory bursa
26
in a female form, they dont have the spicule or copulatory bursa but instead __
genital girdle
27
how to identify the sexes if the cross section is observed under the microsciope
look for the uterus containing eggs
28
the environment needed for the embryonation of the eggds
warm moist soil
29
how many weeks it will take for the eggs to embryonate in the soil
2- 4 weeks
30
life cycle of ascaris lumbricoides
unembryonated egg - embyonated in 2-4 weeks - once ingested, larva will hatch from the egg - larva will penetrate the intestinal wall - migrate in the circulation (blood) - will go the liver (1st stop) and lungs (2nd stop) - bronchioles - pharynx (activating reflex to swallow the larva) - will return to the intestinal tract - male and female will develop, copulating and laying eggs - passage of eggs in the stool
31
will there be pulmonary symptoms in ascaris lubricoides?
yes
32
for the light infection in ascariasis
asymptomatic
33
factors that will affect the severity of the pathogenisis
number of parasite
immunity of the host
length of the infection
34
due to larval migration of ascaris lumbricoides, it will result into what condition
loeffler's syndrome
35
loeffler's synrome is also called as
Ascaris pneumonitis
36
ascariasis longer syndrome looks like what condition
pneumonia
37
in cbc, having ascariasis will reflect
eosinophilia
38
adult stage complications in ascariasis
erratic migration- wrong location, migrating anywhere else
Intussusception
mental retardation
39
common cause of erratic migration
wrong anti helminthic drugs
40
what is happening in Intussusception
parasites entangling themselves forming a bolus and intestinal blockage
41
specimen of choice for ascaris lumbricoides
stool
42
a semi quantitative way of reporting eggs of ascaris
kato katz
43
the drugs given for ascaris is to ___
paralyzing parasites
44
Trichuris trichiura
Also known as “__”
whipworm
45
habitat of trichuris trichiura
colon/rectum
46
infective stage of trichuris trichiura
embryonated egg only
47
mot of truchuris
feco oral; ingestion
48
diagnostic stage of trichuris trichiura
only the fertilized egg
49
shape of the trichuris trichiura
football shape, lemon shaped
50
diagnostic form of trichuris trichiura
bipolar plugs
51
the nematodes that has the thickest shell for its eggs
trichuris trichiura
52
what is the anterior part of the trichuris trichiura as an adult
thin part
53
what is the posterior part of the trichuris trichiura as an adult
thick
54
do trichuris trichiura has extraintestinal migration?
nope, only in the large intestine
55
what is the main clinical feature of infection of trichuris trichiura among children
rectal prolapse
56
the rectal prolapse caused by trichuris trichiura
tenesmus
57
type of attachment of trichuris trichiura
pin cushion attachment which means it can't be dislodged easily
58
specimen of choice for trichuris trichiura
stool
59
First isolated in the Philippines, ilocos norte
Capillaria philippinensis
60
disease name of Capillaria philippinensis
mystery disease
61
Capillaria philippinensis is also known as
PUDOC worm
62
Capillaria philippinensis is endemic in ilocos norte at what year and who discovered it
1963 by doctor nelia salazar
63
is Capillaria philippinensis life cycle established?
nope
64
habitat of Capillaria philippinensis
small intestine - jejunum
65
infective stage of Capillaria philippinensis `
2nd stage larva
66
intermediate host of Capillaria philippinensis
freshwater that is endemic in ilocos
brackfish / ipon fish
67
Capillaria philippinensis' egg looks like which member
trchuris
68
Capillaria philippinensis egg shape
peanut or guitar shape
69
plugs of Capillaria philippinensis
bipolar but flattened
70
both female and male forms die after copulation
Capillaria philippinensis
71
the adult form of Capillaria philippinensis looks like
ascaris lumbricoides
72
pathology of Capillaria philippinensis
malabsorption syndrome
borborygmus sound
anorexia
can inhabit subcutaneous tissues
toxin, shock and death
73
specimen of choice for Capillaria philippinensis
stools
74
Enterobius vermicularis is also known as
pin worm
75
Enterobius vermicularis disease associated
Enterobiasis
76
Enterobius vermicularis only known host is
human
77
human host of Enterobius vermicularis
is classified as
obligate and permanent
78
the diagnostic and infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis
same with trichuris trichiura
- infective is embryonated
diagnostic is embryonated only
79
once the eggs are deposited in the peri anus, do the eggs need an environment to embryonate?
nope no need for that, just time. 1-4 weeks
80
MOT of Enterobius vermicularis
feco oral, ingestion, and inhalation of the microscopic eggs
81
Enterobius vermicularis' eggs shape and feature
D shape egg
double layered but colorless
82
the only recovered form of Enterobius vermicularis
female
83
Enterobius vermicularis male form will ___ after copulation
die
84
the tail of the female Enterobius vermicularis
features
distinct colorless pointed tail
85
anterior view of the adult form of Enterobius vermicularis
- cephalic alae (lateral wings)
- esophageal bulb (other digestive organs is slender, in this parasite is in a shape of bulb)
86
it deposits eggs at night
Enterobius vermicularis
87
specimen of choice
scotch tape swab choice
88
HOOKWORM disease name
uncinariasis
89
2 medically important members of hookworm
ancylostoma duodenale
necator americanus
90
2 other members of hookworm
ancylostoma caninum
ancylostoma braziliense
91
habitat of hookworm
duodenum
92
MOT of hookworm
skin penetration
93
infective stage of hookworm
filariform larva
94
diagnostic stage of hookworm
fertilized egg/ova
95
once the egg is recovered we report it as
hookworm ova
96
how can we contract hookworms
contact with contaminated soil
97
the embryo of hookworm is
segmented
98
the segmented embryo of hookworm is called
embryonic cleavage
99
how many cells stage recovered in an embryo
2, 4, 8 cell stage
100
the cell stages of hookworm is called as
blastomeres
101
larval stage of hookworm
L1 and L2 - rhabitiform
L3 - filariform
102
the other member that has the same larval stage with hookworm
strongyloides
103
hookworm
buccal size
genital primordium
esophagus
tail
movement
longer buccal
smaller genital
shorter esophagus
pointed tail
snake like movement
104
strongyloides
buccal size
genital primordium
esophagus
tail
movement
shorter buccal
bigger genital
longer esophagus
forked tail
sluggish movement
105
the male form of hookworms has __ on its posterior end
copulatory bursa
106
the teeth of the ancylostoma duodenale
actual teeth
107
the teeth of the necator americanus
cutting plates
108
A. duodenale otherwise known as the “__"
Old world
hookworm”
109
N. americanus is known as the
new world
110
hookworms's lifecycle looks like which member
ascaris lumbricoides
111
the point of skin penetration - irritation called
ground itch or dew itch
112
clinical manifestation of lung infection of hookworm
cough
bloody sputum
sore throat
dyspnea
113
anemia caused by hookworm
iron deficiency - microcytic hypochromic
114
form of pharyngeal infection caused by hookworm
wakana disease
115
creeping eruption will show the migration to ___ of hookworm
subcutanous tissue
116
Culture Technique: _____ -
Allows hatching of larvae to eggs on strips of
filter paper with one end immersed in water
-
Culture methods are recommended for specie
identification
Harada Mori Technique
117
smallest among the nematodes
stronglyloides stercolaris
118
stronglyloides stercolaris is endemic in
china and vietnam
119
stronglyloides stercolaris is also known as
thread worm
120
disease association of stronglyloides stercolaris
stronglyloidiasis
121
the difference with diagnostic stage of stronglyloides stercolaris to hook worm
rhabditiform larva is the diagnostic stage
122
