FINALS - CESTODES Flashcards
1
Q
adult form description of cestodes
A
Flat, ribbon-like, segmented
2
Q
cestodes are also known as
A
tape worm
3
Q
self fertilizing means
A
Hermaphrodite
4
Q
do Hermaphrodite has separate female and male reproductive organs
A
yes
5
Q
can we differentiate and identify a male form of cestode and female cestode?
A
nope, both reproductive organs are in the single body
6
Q
for tape worms, they lack sophisticated body structures such as circulatory system, digestive tract, no mouth, and no organ participation
true or false
A
true
7
Q
in order to nourish and absorb nutrients, as well as to facilitate excretion, it is facilitated by the ___ - outer surface
A
tegument
8
Q
the most anterior part of the tape worm
A
scolex
9
Q
it represents the head
A
scolex
10
Q
the connector or the one that will connect the scolex and the proglottids
A
neck
11
Q
3 types of proglottid
A
immature - mature - gravid
12
Q
where can we identify the male and female reproductive organs
A
in mature proglottid
13
Q
the male and female reproductive organs of a mature form of proglottids is called as
A
stobila
14
Q
after self fertilization, the proglottids will mature further to
A
gravid proglottid
15
Q
the pregnant form of proglottid
A
gravid proglottid
16
Q
what can we identify in a gravid form of proglottid?
A
eggs or ova
17
Q
once the proglottid ruptured and the eggs will be released in what part of the body?
A
intestine/digestive tract
18
Q
serves as a diagnostic form of the tapeworm
A
eggs/ova
19
Q
typically, cestodes has ____ in their scolex which they use for attachment to the host
A
4 ventral suckers
rostellum and hooks
20
Q
part of the adult form of tapeworm that is used for the attachment to the intestinal mucosa of the host
A
scolex
21
Q
advantage of rostellum
A
increase virulence
22
Q
known as a fake tapeworm
A
pseudophyllidian
23
Q
among the 2 classification of cestode that has only few members
A
fake tapeworm - pseudophyllidian
24
Q
the scolex of has pseudophyllidian has no ventral suckers but instead of __
A
sucking grooves
25
PROGLOTTIDS of pseudophyllidean is
_-
anapolytic which means it has uterine pores
26
the GRAVID PROGLOTTID of pseudophyllidean is ___
all reproductive organs are intact
27
EGG/ OVA of the pseudophyllidean is
ovoidal and OPERCULATED
28
the reproductive organ of pseudophillidean is intact in which on the cyclophyllidean that only organ we can observe is the ___
uterus
29
intermediate host needed for pseudophyllidean
only 2
30
Also known as true tapeworm
Cyclophyllidean
31
Most of the members of cestodes are
classified as '____.
Cyclophyllidean
32
life cycle of a Pseudophyllidean
egg
L1: coracidium larva
L2: procercoid larva
L3: plerocercoid larva
adult
33
life cycle of a cyclophyllidean
Egg
L1: oncosphere larva (further encyst in the muscle of IH
L2: cysticercus larva/cysticercoid
adult
34
SCOLEX of the cyclophyllidean
Quadrate shape; possess 4 cup like suckers
35
PROGLOTTID of the Cyclophyllidean
Apolytic (no uterine pore)
36
GRAVID PROGLOTTID of the cyclophyllidean
Only uterus
37
EGG/ OVA of the cyclophyllidean
Spherical in shape; NON OPERCULATED
38
NTERMEDIATE HOST of cyclophyllidean
only 1
39
Disease name for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
Diphyllobothriasis
* Fish tapeworm infection
* Broad tapeworm infection
40
common name for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
fish tapeworm or broad tapeworm
41
Site in host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
small intestines
42
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM Belong in ___ group
Pseudophyllidean
43
Definitive host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
human, dogs, cats
44
1st Intermediate host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
crustaceans (Cyclops or
Diaptomus)
45
2nd Intermediate host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
freshwater fish (carp,
salmon)
46
mode of infection of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
ingestion
47
portal of entry of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
mouth
48
Sources of infection of Dyphyllobothrium latum
plerocercoid in freshwater fish
49
INFECTIVE STAGE of Diphyllobothrium latum
plerocercoid larvae
(pleurocercoid)
50
Lab Dx stage for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
eggs in stool (only eggs, as proglottids
disintegrates)
51
shape of the DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM
ovoidal
52
Definitive Host of Diphyllobothrium latum
Human, dogs, cats
53
Infective Stage of diphyllobothrium latum
Pleurocercoid larva or plerocercoid larvae
54
can Diphyllobothriasis be a long-lasting infection (decades)?
yes pu
55
Most infections of diphyllobothrium latum is .
__asymptomatic
56
Manifestations may include __ of diphyllobothrium latum
abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss
57
what can be the cause of miming pernicious anemia of diphyllobothrium latum?
because of Vitamin B12 deficiency
58
what type of anemia can diphyllobothrium latum result into?
This may result in hyperchromic, megaloblastic anemia
59
Massive infections of diphyllobothrium latum may result in __
intestinal obstruction.
60
Diagnostic Findings of diphyllobothrium latum
DFS and kato katz
61
microscopic examination of stool and recovery of eggs
DIRECT FECAL SMEAR
62
Gravid proglottid is not usually recovered because it would ___
disintegrate
63
__ is the drug of choice for diphyllobotrium latum
Praziquantel
64
aside from praziquantel, can also be used to treat diphyllobothriasis.
Niclosamide
65
in diphyllobothrium latum, the criterion for the cure is the recovery of ___ in stools
after treatment.
scolex
66
Eggs shape of diphyllobotrium latum
* Oval or ellipsoidal
* Inconspicuous operculum
* Abopercular knob at the opposite end
67
what is distinct in diphyllobothrium latum locating at the opposite end of operculm?
abopercular knob
68
diphyllobothrium latum
ventral suckers or sucking grooves?
2 sucking grooves located dorsally and ventrally, hence the term bothria
69
Centrally aligned and dark rosette uterus
diphyllobothrium latum
70
common name of sparganum mansoni
Extraintestinal tapeworm
71
sparganum mansoni's disease association
Sparganosis
72
portal of entry of sparganum mansoni
ingestion of 1st IH (cyclops)
73
ingestion of sparganum mansoni
Skin, subcutaneous tissue,
muscle
74
first intermediate host of sparganum mansoni
Cyclops
75
2nd intermediate host of sparganum mansoni
Fresh water fish
76
definitive host of sparganum mansoni
Frogs, snakes
77
accidental host of sparganum mansoni
Man
78
infective stage of sparganum mansoni
Procercoid larva for humans
Plerocercoid larva for natural
hosts (Frogs, snakes)
79
diagnostic stage of sparganum mansoni
Plerocercoid larva
80
clinical manifestation of sparganum mansoni
* Localized inflammation
* Cerebral/Ocular sparganosis – CNS and
eyes
* Nodule formation in vital organs
* Toxemia
81
diagnosis of sparganum mansoni
* Muscle or tissue biopsy
* X-ray, CT scan, MRI
82
taenia saginata common name
Beef tapeworm
83
taenia solium common name
pork tapeworm
84
disease name for taenia saginata
Solitario disease
Taeniasis
85
MOT for taenia saginata
* Oral fecal route
* Ingestion of raw meat from IH
86
site of infection for taenia saginata
Duodenum
87
intermediate host of taenia saginata
Cow, cattle or carabao
88
definitive host of taenia saginata
Man
89
infective stage of taenia saginata
Cysticercus bovis larva
90
diagnostic stage of taenia saginata
Ova in stool, gravid segment
91
clinical manifestation of taenia saginata
* Patient exhibit voracious appetite
* Vague abdominal pain
* Peptic ulcer like symptoms
* Intestinal obstruction
* Intoxication
* Anal pruritus
* Obstruction of bile duct and pancreatic duct
92
diagnosis for taenia saginata
Ova in stool
rapid slide test
scotch tape swab
injection of india ink tru genital pore
93
taenia spp egg has what shape
rounded and Thick radially striated brown shell
94
Inside the shell is an embryonated oncosphere of taenia spp has how many hooks
6 hooks (hexacanth embryo)
95
how many suckers do taenia saginata has?
4 ventral suckers
96
describe the proglottid of taenia saginnata
* Longer than broad proglottid
* Longer gravid proglottid segment with 15-30
uterine branches
97
how many uterine branches do taenia saginata has?
15-30 uterine branches
98
describe the scolex of taenia saginata
Unarmed scolex: no hooks
99
describe the proglottid of taenia solium
Shorter gravid proglottid segment with
7-15 uterine branches
100
describe the scolex of taenia solium
Armed scolex: presence of 2 rows of
hooks in the rostellum
101
Degree of infection and severity
depends on
1. number of parasite
2. immunity of the host
3. duratio of infection
102
Cysticercoid larva of taenia solium can cause ___
necrosis and fibrosis
103
There could be ___ adult T. solium in
one patient
4-7
104
Taeniasis diagnosis
1. Ova in stool
2. Gravid segment using Rapid
Slide Test
105
Cysticercosis diagnosis
3. Radiological examination
4. Muscle biopsy
5. Serum and CSF ELISA
105
Hymenolepis nana common name
* Dwarf tapeworm
* Smallest tapeworm of man
* Intestinal tapeworm
105
Hymenolepis nana disease association
Hymenolepiasis
106
Indirect life cycle of Hymenolepis nana
what is the infective stage?
cysticercoid larva
involvement of intermediate host
107
direct life cycle of Hymenolepis nana
what is the infective stage?
Infective stage is ova
no involvement of intermediate host
108
Diagnostic stage of hyemenolepis nana
Ova in stool
109
DOC for hyemenolepis nana
Praziquantel
110
eggs of hyemenolepis nna
* Embryonated
* Thinner embryophore
* Bipolar filaments
* Bipolar thickenings
111
describe the rostellum of hyemenolepis nana
Rostellum with single row of hooks
112
This parasite is the only human tapeworm
which can complete its entire lifecycle in a
single host.
hyemenolepis nana
113
Definitive Host of h.nana
Man, rats
114
site in host/Habitat of H.nana
Upper ileum
115
common name of hyemenolepis diminuta
Intestinal tapeworm
116
disease association of H. diminuta
* Hymenolepiasis
* Rat tapeworm infection
117
source of infection of H. diminuta
Cysts from insects
118
MOT of H. diminuta
Mouth: ingestion of contaminated food and
water
119
habitat of H. diminuta
Small intestines
120
intermediate host of H.diminuta
* Insects (rat & mouse flea, the flour moth
and flour beetle)
* IH is required
121
definitive host of H. diminuta
Mice & rats
122
In H.diminuta, it serves as a transport host
Humans and mouse serve as transport host
123
infective stage of H. diminuta
Cysticercus larva
124
iagnostic stage of H. diminuta
Eggs in stool
125
* Absence of bipolar filaments
* Bipolar thickening
Hyemenolepis diminuta
126
127
a cestode of rodents
infrequently seen in
humans and frequently
found in rodents.
Hymenolepis diminuta
128
___ is the most common cause of
all cestode infections, and is encountered
worldwide.
Hymenolepis nana
129
Heavy infections with ___
H. nana
can cause weakness,
headaches, anorexia,
abdominal pain, and
diarrhea.
130
Diagnostic findings for hyemenolepiasis
Microscopic examination
of stool
131
DOC for hyemenolepis
Praziquantel
132
Dipylidium caninum's common name
* Double-pored tapeworm
* Intestinal tapeworm
133
dipylidium caninum infection
* Dipylidiasis
* Dog tapeworm infection
134
source of infection of dipylidium cananim
Flea & louse
135
habitat of dyplidium caninum
Small intestines
136
intermediate host of dipylidium caninum
Larval flea
137
intermediate host of dipylidium caninum
Dogs & cats
138
accidental host of dipylidium caninum
Humans
139
infective stage of D.caninum
Cysticercoid larva
140
diagnostic stage for d.caninium
Eggs in stool or egg packets in stool, proglottids
141
In d.caninum
Pets may exhibit behavior to relieve ____ (such as
scraping anal region across grass or carpeting)
anal pruritis
142
The proglottids are motile when freshly passed and may be
mistaken for maggots or fly larvae.
D.caninum
143
The most striking feature in animals and children consists of
the passage of proglottids.
These can be found in the
perianal region, in the feces, on diapers, and occasionally
on floor covering and furniture.
D.caninum
144
Proglottids may be passed singly or in chains, and
occasionally may be seen dangling from the anus
D. caninum
145
Echinococcus granulosus
* Extraintestinal tapeworm
* Shortest of all tapeworms
* Dog tapeworm
* Hydatid worm
146
Echinococcus granulosus disease associated
* Echinococcosis
* Hydatid disease
146
intermdiate host of E.granulosus
Sheep, goat, cat
147
habitat of E. granulosus
Small intestine of dogs
147
def host of E. granulosus
Dogs
148
accidental host of e.granulosus
Humans
148
infective stage of e.granulosus
Hydatid cyst (for dogs)
Ova (for humans)
149
diagnostic stage for e.granulosus
Hydatid cyst containing hydatid sand usually
found in lungs or liver
149
clinical manifestation of echinococcus granulosus
* Enlarged abdomen
* Pressure on organ leads to organ
malfunction
* Osseous cyst if found in bound
* Anaphylactic shock
150
e. GRANULOSUS way of diagnosis
1. Radiological examination
2. Hydatid drill
3. Exploratory puncture
4. Casoni’s test – dermal skin test
5. Serological tests (IHA, IFA, EIA)
150
treatment for e.granulosus
Surgical removal of the cyst
Percutaneous aspiration, injection, re
aspiration (PAIR)
151
Surgical removal of the cyst. Types of cysts:
____
Unilocular, Osseus, Alveolar
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