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MSK > anatomy of bunda + lower leg > Flashcards

anatomy of bunda + lower leg Flashcards

1
Q

functions of lower limb

A
  • support body weight
  • locomotion
  • maintain balance
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2
Q

what is the muscle labelled in red?

A

quadratis femoris

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3
Q

what muscle is labelled in red

A

obturator internus

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4
Q

what muscle is labelled red?

A

gluteus maximus

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5
Q

what is labelled red?

A

tensor fascia latae

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6
Q

what is labelled red?

A

gluteus medius

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7
Q

what is labelled red?

A

piriformis

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8
Q

what is labelled red?

A

gemelli

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9
Q

what muscles are in the superficial muscle group of the gluteus?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fascia lata
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10
Q

what nerve is the gluteus Maximus innervated by?

A

-inferior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

what are all the muscles in the superficial group of the gluteal region apart from the gluteus maximus innervated by?

A

superior gluteal

(the other nerves are the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata)

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12
Q

what muscles are part of the deep muscle group?

A
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
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13
Q

what is the role of the superficial muscle group of the gluteal region?

A

Superficial abductors and extenders

-abduct and extend the femur

(superficial muscles of gluteal region are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia lata)

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14
Q

what are the roles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region?

A
  • deep lateral rotators
  • mainly act to laterally rotate the femur

(muscles of the deep muscle group are the quadratus femoris, piriformis, gammelli and obturator internus)

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15
Q

where do nerves enter/exit in pelvis and perineum?

A

via the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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16
Q

what are the greater and lesser sciatic foramen formed by?

A

the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament

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17
Q

what is the red box?

A

sacrospinous ligament

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18
Q

what is the red box?

A

sacrotuberous

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19
Q

what is the red box? (the hole)

A

the lesser sciatic foramen

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20
Q

what is the red box?

A

the greater sciatic foramen

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21
Q

what nerves are the sciatic nerves?

A

L4-S3

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22
Q

what nerves are the pudendal nerves?

A

S2-S4

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23
Q

what nerves are the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

S1-S3

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24
Q

what nerve is the red box?

A

sciatic

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25
Q

what nerve is the red box?

A

pudendal

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26
Q

what is the nerve in the red box?

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

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27
Q

what is the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic

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28
Q

where does the sciatic nerve exit?

A

inferior to piriformis

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29
Q

what does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin via tibial and common fibular branches

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30
Q

what is the nerve in the red box?

A

tibial nerve

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31
Q

what nerve is in the red box?

A

common fibular

32
Q

what nerve is in the red box?

A

sciatic nerve

33
Q

what is the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

inguinal ligament

34
Q

what is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

adductor longus

35
Q

what is the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

sartorius

36
Q

what is the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

iliopsoas and pectinus

37
Q

what is the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

deep fascia

38
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

(from lateral to medial)

femoral nerve

femoral artery

femoral vein

lymphatics

39
Q

what is the red box?

A

iliotibial tract

40
Q

what is the fascia in the red box?

A

crural fascia

41
Q

what is the fascia in the red box?

A

fascia lata

42
Q

what is the muscle compartment under the blue box?

A

intermuscular septum

43
Q

what is compartment syndrome?

A

when pressure is increased due to increased swelling of tissue or increase in fluid affecting functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment

44
Q

what is done to relieve compartment syndrome?

A

fasciotomy

45
Q

what are the 3 muscle compartments in the thigh?

A

anteroir, medial and posterior compartments

46
Q

what are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A

anterior, posterior and lateral

47
Q

what are the flexors of the anterior part of the thigh?

A

pectinus, iliopsoas, sartorius

48
Q

what nerves innervate the anterior compartment of the thigh? (apart from the psoas major)

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

49
Q

what is the psoas major innervated by?

A

L1, L2, L 3

50
Q

what are the adductors of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
  • gracilis
  • obturator externes
51
Q

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh? (except hamstring part of adductor magnus)

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

52
Q

what innervates the hamstring part of the adductor magnus?

A

tibial nerve

53
Q

what are the extensors of thigh and flexors of leg in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
  • biceps femoris
54
Q

what nerve innervate the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

55
Q

what are the dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
56
Q

what nerve innervates the dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes in the anterior compartment of leg?

A

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

57
Q

what muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis
58
Q

what nerves innervate the lateral compartment of leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

59
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior of the leg? (plantarflexors of ankle)

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantaris

60
Q

what nerves innervate the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

61
Q

what are the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg>

A
  • popliteus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • tibialis posterior
62
Q

what nerve innervates the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

63
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball and socket, synovial

64
Q

what does multiaxial mean?

A

the joint can move in many axes

65
Q

what is the femoral nerve responsible for?

A

motor- knee extension and thigh flexion

sensory- anterior and medial aspect of the thigh and lower leg

66
Q

what is the obturator nerve responsible for?

A

motor- thigh adduction

sensory- medial thigh

67
Q

what is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh responsible for?

A

motor- none

sensory- lateral and posterior surfaces of the thigh

68
Q

what is the tibial nerve responsible for?

A

motor- foot plantar flexion and inversion

sensory- sole of foot

69
Q

what is the common peroneal nerve responsible for?

A

motor=- foot dorsiflexion and eversion

-extensor hallucis longus

sensory= dorsal of the foot and the lower lateral part of the leg

70
Q

what is the superior gluteal nerve responsible for?

A

motor= hip abduction

sensory= none

71
Q

what is the inferior gluteal nerve responsible for?

A

motor= hip extension and lateral rotation

sensory= none

72
Q

what does injury to the superior gluteal nerve lead to?

A

positive Trendelenburgs sign

73
Q

what does injury to the inferior gluteal nerve lead to?

A
  • difficult rising from the seated position
  • can’t jump or climb stairs
74
Q

what is the role of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • it is the main extensor of the thigh
  • assists with lateral rotation
  • however, it is only used when force is required such as running or climbing
75
Q

what is the role of the gluteus medius?

A
  • same as gluteus minimus!
  • abducts and medially rotates the lower limb
  • during locomotion, it secures the pelvis, preventing pelvis drop of the opposite limb
76
Q

role of the gluteus minimus?

A
  • same as gluteus medius!
  • abducts and medially rotates the lower limb
  • during locomotion, it secures the pelvis preventing pelvis drop of the opposite limb
77
Q

what is the role of the tensor fascia lata?

A
  • assists the gluteus medius and minimus in the abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb
  • it also plays a supportive role in the gait

MSK (64 decks)

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