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MSK > anatomy of upper limb ! > Flashcards

anatomy of upper limb ! Flashcards

1
Q

what is the brachial plexus?

A

a network of nerves in the shoulder that carry movement from spinal cord to arms and hands

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2
Q

what artery supplies the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

brachial artery

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3
Q

what vein supplies the anterior section of the arm?

A

brachial vein

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4
Q

what nerve supplies the muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve (large branch of brachial plexus)

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5
Q

what artery supplies the anterior section of the forearm?

A

radial and ulna

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6
Q

what vein supplies the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

venae comitantes (veins accompanying artery e.g. radial vein accompanies radial artery)

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7
Q

what nerve innervates the muscle in the anterior forearm?

A

median (+ ulna)

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8
Q

what artery supplies the hand?

A

deep and superficial palmer arches

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9
Q

what nerve innervates the muscle of the hand?

A

most by ulnar

LOAF supplied by median nerve

Lateral two lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

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10
Q

what artery supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?

A
  • profunda brachili

- ulnar collateral

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11
Q

what vein supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

profunda brachii

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12
Q

what nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior arm?

A

radial nerve

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13
Q

what artery supplies the posterior compartment of thee forearm?

A

interosseous

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14
Q

what vein supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

venae comitantes

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15
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

radial nerve

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16
Q

what does the axillary nerve innervate?

A
  • teres minor (lateral rotation)
  • deltoid muscle (abduction of arm)
  • cutaneous innervations
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17
Q

what muscle is labelled?

A

teres minor

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18
Q

what muscle is labelled?

A

deltoid

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19
Q

what nerve is highlighted blue?

A

radial nerve

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20
Q

what nerve is highlighted blue?

A

superficial branch of the radial nerve (sensory)

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21
Q

what nerve is highlighted blue?

A

posterior interosseous nerve (motor)

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22
Q

what does the radial nerve innervate?

A

entire posterior part of arm and posterior part of forearm

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23
Q

what muscles does the radial nerve supply?

A

Main branch:

  • triceps brachii
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • supinator

Posterior interosseous nerve:
-all other muscles in posterior compartment of forearn

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24
Q

what is the classic sign for radial nerve injury?

A

wrist drop, cannot extend he wrist

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25
Q

what tendon is highlighted blue?

A

biceps brachili tendon

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26
Q

what artery is highlighted blue?

A

brachial artery

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27
Q

what nerve is highlighted blue?

A

median nerve

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28
Q

what artery runs along the median nerve?

A

brachial artery

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29
Q

what muscles does the median supply?

A

-all muscles of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris, ulna half of flexor digitorum profundus
-in hand it supplies LOAF:
first 2 Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Dlexor pollicis brevis

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30
Q

what nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

ulnar nerve

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31
Q

what is the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) innervated by?

A

median nerve

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32
Q

why can the fexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) only flex the PIP joint?

A

because it inserts itself in the intermediate phalanx

33
Q

what digits does flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) affect?

A

digits 2-5

34
Q

what digits does flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) affecT?

A

digits 2-5

35
Q

what nerve supplies the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

ulnar nerve

36
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

37
Q

where does flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDP)insert ?

A

distal phalanx

38
Q

what does FDP tendon flex?

A

DIP joint

39
Q

where does the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) insert?

A

on distal phalanx of thumb

40
Q

what does the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) do?

A

flexes thumb

41
Q

what is the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) innervated by?

A

anterior interosseous nerve

42
Q

what are these muscles called?

A

lumbricals

43
Q

how many lumbricals are there?

A

4

44
Q

what is the muscle with an arrow point to it called?

A

thenar eminence

45
Q

what is the thenar eminence innervated by?

A

recurrent branch of medianc nerve

46
Q

what is the role of lumbricals?

A

flex MCP and extend PIP + DIP

47
Q

what is labelled blue?

A

lumbrical

48
Q

what is labelled blue?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis tendon

49
Q

what is labelled blue?

A

flexor digitorum profundus tendon

50
Q

what does the median nerve have to pass through in the hand ?

A

carpal tunnel

51
Q

what is the carpal tunnel formed by?

A
  • flexor retinaculum

- carpal bones

52
Q

can the carpal tunnel stretch?

A

no not really :/

53
Q

what are the contents of the carpal tunne;?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis (x4)
  • flexor digitorum profundus (x4)
  • flexor pollicis longus (x1)
  • median nerve
54
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

compression of median nerve causing weakness in the thenar muscles or numbness in lateral 3 fingers

55
Q

what is a deformity in the hand that is often seen in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and why?

A

ape hand deformity due to wasting of thenar muscles and lateral 2 lumbricals

56
Q

what nerve, artery and vein is the arrow pointing to?

A

ulnar nerve, ulnar artery and ulnar vein?

57
Q

where abouts it the ulnar nerve in the arm?

A

medial in the arm with the median nerve before coursing posteriorly

58
Q

what branches does the ulnar nerve give rise to in the forearm?

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris

- flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)

59
Q

what does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

in forearm supplies : only the flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

in hand it supples: all intrinsic muscles except LOAF

60
Q

what skin in the hand does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

medial pals, little finger, medial half of fourth digit

61
Q

what would occur if there was an injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow?

A

a patient will only be able to use FDS (FDP becomes paralysed). Therefore, only slight flexion of 4th and 5th digits

62
Q

what will happen if there is a damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist?

A

extension at MCP joint because of unopposed action of extensor digitorum (no flexion by lumbricals or interossei). More marked flexion at DIP and PIP joints (no extension by lumbricals or interossei)

63
Q

what are the rotator cuffs?

A

a group of muscles and tendon that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder

64
Q

what are the 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff?

A
  • subscapularis
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
65
Q

where are the rotator cuff muscles in relation to the deltoid?

A

deep to the deltoid

66
Q

what ligament in the shoulder is highlighted blue?

A

transverse ligamrnt

67
Q

what ligament in the shoulder is highlighted blue?

A

coracohumeral ligament

68
Q

what ligament in the shoulder is highlighted blue?

A

transverse ligament

69
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

the conoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligament

70
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

the trapezoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligament

71
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

acromioclavicular ligament

72
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

coraco acromio

73
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

the coraco humeral ligament

74
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

the transverse ligament

75
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

superior glenohumeral ligament

76
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

the medial glenohumeral ligament

77
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

the inferior glenohumeral ligament

78
Q

what ligament is highlighted blue?

A

the inferior glenohumeral ligament

79
Q

what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm and what innervates them?

A

BBC ms

  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis

innervation- muscocultaneous nerve

MSK (64 decks)

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