Anatomy of the Lower Limb

Question 1

Why should adrenaline-containing local anaesthetic not be given near end arteries?

Answer 1

will cause vasoconstriction and thus occlusion to the only blood supply to that area.

Question 2

carotid pulse is felt…

Answer 2

anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

Question 3

the brachial artery pulse is felt

Answer 3

medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa

Question 4

the radial artery pulse is felt…

Answer 4

lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Question 5

the femoral artery pulse is felt…

Answer 5

inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Question 6

the popliteal pulse is felt…

Answer 6

in the popliteal fossa

Question 7

the posterior tibial pulse is felt…

Answer 7

between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon

Question 8

the dorsal pedis pulse is felt…

Answer 8

medial to the tendon extensor hallucis longus distal to the ankle joint

Question 9

causes of reduced arterial perfusion pressure

Answer 9

LVF, arterial bleed, arterial rupture (aneurysm), occlusion of the lumen, arterial spasm, external occlusion of the artery

Question 10

causes of increases venous drainage pressure

Answer 10

RVF, DVT, external compression

Question 11

Superficial/Deep veins tend to occur in NVBs

Answer 11

deep veins

Question 12

Superficial/Deep veins are more anatomically predictable

Answer 12

deep veins

Question 13

superficial fascia is…

Answer 13

loose connective tissue and fat varying in depth

Question 14

deep fascia is…

Answer 14

tough, dense connective tissue that is usually white. divides limbs into compartments

Question 15

deep fascia of the upper limb (4)

Answer 15

pectoral fascia, deltoid fascia, bracial fascia, antebrachial fascia

Question 16

Deep fascia of the lower limb (3)

Answer 16

fascia lata (thigh), iliotibial tract, crural fascia (leg)

Question 17

the basilic vein runs…

Answer 17

medially

Question 18

the basilic vein drains into…where?

Answer 18

the brachial vein at the level of the mid-arm

Question 19

the cephalic vein runs…

Answer 19

laterally

Question 20

where does the cephallic vein dive deep?

Answer 20

the deltopectoral groove

Question 21

where does the cephalic vein drain

Answer 21

the axillary vein

Question 22

where does the axillary vein become the subclavian

Answer 22

lateral border of rib 1

Question 23

where do the cephalic and basilic vein arise from?

Answer 23

the dorsal venous network

Question 24

What connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the majority of people?

Answer 24

median cubital vein

Question 25

what vein in the arm do 20% of people have?

Answer 25

median vein of the forearm which splits to give median cephalic and median basilic vein

Question 26

where does the great saphenous vein arise from?

Answer 26

dorsal venous arch

Question 27

where does the great saphenous vein travel?

Answer 27

medially

Question 28

where does the great saphenous vein drain into and when?

Answer 28

the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

Question 29

where does the small saphenous vein arise from?

Answer 29

the dorsal venous arch

Question 30

where does the small saphenous vein travel?

Answer 30

posterior midline of the leg

Question 31

where does the small saphenous vein drain and when?

Answer 31

popliteal vein posterior to the knee

Question 32

Deep veins of the lower limb (7)

Answer 32

femoral, deep femoral, popliteal, fibular, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, plantar arch

Question 33

Deep veins of the upper limb (7)

Answer 33

superficial and deep palmer venous arches, radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, subclavian

Question 34

what pump aids venous movement back to the heart from the legs

Answer 34

the musculovenous pump

Question 35

incompetent venous valves result in...

Answer 35

varicose veins

Question 36

where do most venous ulcers occur?

Answer 36

in the medial aspect of the distal leg, the gaiter area

Question 37

superficial lymphatics in the upper limb arise from...

Answer 37

plexuses in the fingers and hangs

Question 38

nodes found along the basilic lymphatics...

Answer 38

cubital lymph nodes and lateral axillary lymph nodes

Question 39

nodes along the cephalic lymphatics

Answer 39

apical axillary lymph nodes

Question 40

deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain...

Answer 40

into lateral axillary lymph nodes

Question 41

where do axillary lymph nodes drain?

Answer 41

subclavian lymphatics

Question 42

lymph nodes along great saphenous vein

Answer 42

superficial inguinal, external illiac or deep inguinal

Question 43

lymph nodes from small saphenous vein

Answer 43

popliteal nodes -> deep inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes

Question 44

where do external iliac lymph nodes drain?

Answer 44

common iliac nodes and lumbar lymphatics

Question 45

skin tension lines are also known as...

Answer 45

Langer lines