Animal diversity

Question 0

bilateral symmetry

Answer 0

animal has a dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom side; left and right; anterior (head) and posterior (tail)

Question 1

radial symmetry

Answer 1

any imaginary slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images

Question 2

coelomate

Answer 2

body cavity completely lined on inner and outer layers by tissue derived from mesoderm

Question 3

pseudocoelomate

Answer 3

nematodes; fully functional body cavity only partially lined by tissue derived from mesoderm

Question 4

acoelomate

Answer 4

flatworms; lack a body cavity between the digestive tract and outer body wall

Question 5

body cavity

Answer 5

fluid cushions organs and enables the internal organs to grow and move independently of outer body wall

Question 6

protostome development

Answer 6

distinguished by spiral and determinate cleavage, schizocoelous, and mouth develops from blastopore

Question 7

spiral cleavage

Answer 7

the planes of cell division are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo; often associated with determinate early fate of cells

Question 8

radial cleavage

Answer 8

cleavage planes are either parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the egg

Question 9

deuterostome development

Answer 9

radial and indeterminate cleavage, enterocoelous, and anus develops from blastopore

Question 10

schizocoelous development

Answer 10

in protostome development the coelom forms from splits in the mesoderm between the archenteron

Question 11

enterocoelous development

Answer 11

in deuterostome development the coelom forms from mesodermal folding of archenteron

Question 12

porifera

Answer 12

sponges are simple, sessile animals that lack true tissues

Question 13

cnidaria

Answer 13

corals, jellies, and hydra; gastrovascular cavity with one opening

Question 14

platyhelminthes

Answer 14

flatworms; bilateral symmetry and central nervous system, no body cavity or organs

Question 15

rotifera

Answer 15

microscopic size, have alimentary canal (digestive tract)

Question 16

spongocoel

Answer 16

water enters this central cavity through pores called porocytes and exits through the large osculum opening

Question 17

mesohyl

Answer 17

the inner matrix of sponge between two layers of cells

Question 18

amoebocyte

Answer 18

transport nutrients after phagocytosis from the feeding cell choanocytes to the sponge body

Question 19

cnidocytes

Answer 19

cells that function in defense and capture of prey on cnidarian tentacles

Question 20

polyps

Answer 20

stationary body form of cnidaria like hydra

Question 21

medusa

Answer 21

floating body form of cnidarian like jellyfish

Question 22

hydrozoans

Answer 22

polyp form is diploid and asexual; medusa form reproduces sexually

Question 23

hydra

Answer 23

cnidaria found in fresh water and exist only in polyp form

Question 24

scyphozoans

Answer 24

jellyfish; medusa is the predominant stage; some coastal have small polyp stage

Question 25

anthozoans

Answer 25

coral and sea anemone; exist only as polyp

Question 26

flaworms

Answer 26

platyhelminthe; tripoblastic development, acoelomates

Question 27

planarian

Answer 27

ganglia with ventral nerve cords

Question 28

rotifers

Answer 28

alimentary canal, pseudocoelom

Question 29

parthenogenesis

Answer 29

some rotifer reproduce only females from unfertilized eggs

Question 30

lophophores

Answer 30

true coelom; circular crown of ciliated tentacles surrounding mouth

Question 31

molluscs

Answer 31

snails, oysters, squid; muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle

Question 32

mollusc visceral mass

Answer 32

contains most of the internal organs

Question 33

mollusc mantle

Answer 33

tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and could secrete a shell

Question 34

gastropod torsion

Answer 34

visceral mass rotates and animals anus wind up above head

Question 35

cephalopod

Answer 35

active predators of octopus, squid

Question 36

annelid

Answer 36

earthworm; cerebral ganglia, closed circulatory system

Question 37

nematodes

Answer 37

alimentary canal, lack circulatory system, pseudocoelom

Question 38

arthropods

Answer 38

crustaceans, spiders, insects; segmented coelomates, exoskeleton, jointed appendages

Question 39

arthropod cuticle

Answer 39

exoskeleton constructed from layers of protein and polysaccharide chitin

Question 40

open circulatory system

Answer 40

many molluscs and arthropods, fluid called hemolymph pumped through heart through arteries to sinuses surrounding organs

Question 41

decapods

Answer 41

curstacean arthropods of lobster, shrimp

Question 42

deuterostomes

Answer 42

echinoderm (sea star) and chordates

Question 43

chordates

Answer 43

notochord and dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Question 44

tunicates

Answer 44

posses a notochord, stationary

Question 45

lancelets

Answer 45

possess a brain

Question 46

hagfish

Answer 46

posses a head; craniates with a neural crest

Question 47

lampreys

Answer 47

vertebral column

Question 48

mineralized skeleton

Answer 48

sharks, rays

Question 49

lung derivatives

Answer 49

ray finned fishes

Question 50

lobed fins

Answer 50

actinistia

Question 51

legs

Answer 51

amphibians-frogs, salamander

Question 52

amniotic egg

Answer 52

reptiles-turtle, snake, crocodile, birds

Question 53

milk

Answer 53

mammals

Question 54

gnathosomes

Answer 54

jaws; placoderms

Question 55

tetrapods

Answer 55

gnathostomes that have limbs and feet

Question 56

archosaurs

Answer 56

diapsid lineage that produced crocodiles, birds, and dinosaurs

Question 57

monotremes

Answer 57

mammals that lay eggs, have hair and produce milk secreted through glands

Question 58

marsupials

Answer 58

give birth to live young with placenta and grows up in outer pouch very young

Question 59

eutherian

Answer 59

commonly called placental mammals because placentas are more complex than marsupials