Endocrine Flashcards
cell surface receptor
for mostly water soluble hormones embedded in plasma membrane and initiates signal transduction pathways
water soluble hormones
proteins and peptides; amines derived from amino acids; triggers signal transduction and response in cytoplasm or gene transcription
non water soluble hormones
steroids; lipid soluble binds to signal receptor(commonly transcription factor) in cytoplasm or cell
paracrine signaling
chemical compounds that are local regulators, not hormones
peptide local regulator
cytokines- immune response; growth factor- cell proliferation and differentiation
nitric oxide
local regulator when blood oxygen level falls, NO secreted by endothelial cells in blood vessel walls
prostaglandins
local regulator, modified fatty acids; inflammatory response
hypothalamus gland
sends hormones to posterior pituitary and produces hormones that regulate anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
anterior pituitary
growth, thyroid stimulating, follicle stimulating hormones
thyroid gland
calcitonin- lowers blood calcium level
parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone- raises blood calcium level
pancreas
insulin- lowers blood glucose; glucagon- raises blood glucose
glucagon
raises blood glucose level by liver break down of glycogen releasing into blood
adrenal gland
sits on kidney and produces epinephrine, and glucocortcoids
androgens
produced in testes
estrogens/progesterones
produced in ovaries
tropic hormones
hormones that regulate the function of endocrine organs
insulin
lowers blood glucose by cells and liver taking up glucose
catecholamines
epinephrine and norepinephrine affect fight or flight stress
epinephrine response
stronger effect on heart and metabolic rates
norepinephrine
strong effect on sustaining blood pressure
corticosteroids
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids- helps maintain stress over extended period of time
androgen hormones
main being testosterone which is important for male development
