Animal form

Question 1

epithelial tissue

Answer 1

covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body; riveted by tight junctions

Question 2

glandular epithelia

Answer 2

absorb or secrete chemical solutions; such as mucous membranes

Question 3

epithelial layers

Answer 3

simple-single; stratified-multiple; pseudostratified-single, length varies

Question 4

epithelial shape

Answer 4

cuboidal; columnar; squamous-floor tiles

Question 5

connective tissue

Answer 5

fibers that function mainly to bind and support other tissues

Question 6

collagenous fibers

Answer 6

nonelastic collagen protein for strength in pinching and pulling

Question 7

elastic fibers

Answer 7

elastin protein for the rubbery pulling of skin back into shape

Question 8

reticular fibers

Answer 8

forms a tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues

Question 9

muscle tissue

Answer 9

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Question 10

basement membrane

Answer 10

at the base of an epithelial layer; dense mat of extracellular matrix

Question 11

fibrous connective

Answer 11

large number of collagenous fibers; maximizes nonelastic strength

Question 12

tendons

Answer 12

attach muscle to bone; fibrous connective

Question 13

ligament

Answer 13

joins bones together at joints; fibrous connective

Question 14

cartilage

Answer 14

chondrocytes secrete rubbery matrix; absorbs pressure without breaking

Question 15

loose connective

Answer 15

binds epithelia to tissue and holds organs in place; fibroblasts and macrophages present

Question 16

adipose tissue

Answer 16

form of loose connective; stores fat in droplets

Question 17

blood

Answer 17

has extensive extracellular matrix in plasma

Question 18

skeleton

Answer 18

bone- mineralized connective tissue made from osteoblasts

Question 19

osteon

Answer 19

mammalian bone consists of these repeating units

Question 20

skeletal muscle

Answer 20

striated muscle; fiber with bundles called myofibrils

Question 21

sarcomere

Answer 21

contractile units along the length of myofibril bundles gives striated appearance

Question 22

cardiac muscle

Answer 22

striated as well but is not voluntary; has intercalated disks for signal relay

Question 23

smooth muscle

Answer 23

spindle shaped; involuntary body activities

Question 24

nervous tissue

Answer 24

nerve cells are the basic units of the nervous system

Question 25

mucosa

Answer 25

inner epithelial layer that lines the stomach lumen

Question 26

submucosa

Answer 26

matrix of connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 27

muscularis

Answer 27

consists mainly of smooth muscle tissue

Question 28

serosa

Answer 28

thin layer of connective and epithelial tissue

Question 29

thoracic cavity

Answer 29

body cavity that houses the lungs and heart

Question 30

endothermic

Answer 30

bodies are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism; body temp maintained within narrow range

Question 31

ectothermic

Answer 31

gain most heat from external sources; lower energy requirement

Question 32

interstitial fluid

Answer 32

fills the space between vertebrate cells; provides nutrients necessary for diffusion

Question 33

epidermis

Answer 33

outermost layer of skin; composed mostly of dead epithelial cells

Question 34

dermis

Answer 34

supports the epidermis; contains hair follicles, glands, muscles, nerve, blood vessels

Question 35

hypodermis

Answer 35

contains adipose tissue; includes fat cells and blood vessels

Question 36

vasodilation

Answer 36

relaxes the muscles of the vessel walls causing an increase in diameter of superficial blood near surface

Question 37

vasoconstriction

Answer 37

reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial vessels

Question 38

countercurrent heat exchange

Answer 38

heat in blood from artery core is transferred to vein blood returning from limbs

Question 39

torpor

Answer 39

enables storage of energy; activity is low and metabolism decreases

Question 40

estivation

Answer 40

summer torpor during extended high heat and scarce water