Flashcards in Antibacterials Deck (37)
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1
For gram positive organisms - S. Pneumoniae, S. Pyogenes, Actinomyces
For N. Meningitides, T. Pallidum
Pen G, V
2
ADR of Penicillins G, V
Hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia
3
Wide spectrum beta lactamase antibiotic
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
4
Combines with clavulanic acid
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
5
Treatment for HELPSS
H. Influenza
E. Coli
L. Monocytogenes
P. Mirabilis
Salmonella
Shigella
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
6
ADR of ampicillin, amoxicillin
Hypersensitivity
Pseudomembranous colitis
7
Narrow spectrum penicillin
Penicillinase resistant due to bulky R group
Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
8
Tx for S. Aureus and ADR
Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis
9
Antipseudomonals
Ticarcillin, piperacillin
10
B lactamase inhibitors
CAST
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
11
Organisms not covered by Cephalosporins
LAME
Listeria
Atypicals
MRSA
Enterococci
12
1st generation Cephalosporins
PEcKs first
Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella
S. Aureus
Start with Ceph EXCEPT Cefadroxil and Cefazolin
13
2ng generation Cephalosporins
HEN PEcKS
H. Influenza
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria
Proteus mirabilis
E. Coli
Klebsiella
Serratia marcescens
Start with Cef, don't end with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefuroxime
14
3rd generation Cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone - meningitis and gonorrhea
Ceftazidime - pseudomonas
Start with Cef, ends with -ime/one EXCEPT Cefazolin
15
4th generation cephalosporins
Increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive
16
5th generation cephalosporin
Ceftaroline
Broad spectrum, does not cover pseudomonas
17
Cephalosporin toxicity
Vitamin K deficiency, nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides
18
Aztreonam
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Binds to PBPs
Gram negative rods
Usually non toxic
19
Carbpenems
MOA
Uses
ADRs
B lactamase resistant
Wide spectrum, for life threatening infections
Used with Cilastatin (decreases inactivation in kidneys)
CNS toxicity (decreased with Meropenem)
20
Vancomycin
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Binding D-ala D-ala, inhibitis peptidoglycan
Gram positive, MRSA
NOT trouble free - Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis
Red man syndrome
21
Aminoglycoside
Examples
MOA
Uses
ADRs
GNATS - gentamicin, neomycin (bowel sx), amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin
Inhibits initiation complex causing misreading of mRNA, Require O2
For severe gram negative rod infections
Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxicty, Teratogen
22
Tetracylcins
Examples
MOA
Uses
ADR
Tetracycline, doxyxycline, minocycline
Binds 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA
Borrelia, M. Pneumonia, Rickettsia, Chlamydia
Teeth discoloration, inhibition of bone growth, photosensitive, Contraindicated in pregnancy
23
Macrolides
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
Binds to 50s, blocks translation
Atypical pneumonia, Chlamydia, gram positive cocci
MACRO: Motility issues, arrhythmia, cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eosinophilia
24
Used for meningitis, Rocky Mountains potted fever
Blocks 50s
Causes anemia and gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
25
Blocks 50s
For anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
Causes pseudo membranous colitis
Clindamycin
26
Sulfonamide a
Examples
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine
Inhibits folate synthesis (inhibit dihydropteroate synthase)
Gram posive/negative, Nocardia, Chlamydia, UTI
Hemolysis is G6PD deficient, Nephrotoxicity, kernicterus, displaces warfarin from albumin
27
Trimethoprim
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
UTI, salmonella, shigella, pneumocystis jirovecii and toxoplasmosis prophylaxis
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
28
Fluroquinolones
Examples
MOA
Uses
ADR
Floxacins and nalidixic acid
Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
Gram negative rods for urinary and GIT, neisseria
Tendinitis
29
Metronidazole
MOA
Uses
ADRs
Forms free radicals that damage DNA
GET GAP: giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas, gardnerella, anaerobes, h. Pylori (anaerobic infections below the diaphragm)
Disulfiram-like reaction, metallic taste
30
Isoniazid
MOA
ADR
Decreased mycolic acid synthesis
INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes: Nuerotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
31
Rifamycin
MOA
ADR
4Rs
RNA polymerase inhibitor
Ramps up microsomes cytochrome P450
Red orange body fluids
Rapid resistance
Ramps up cytochrome P450 BUT rifaBUTin does not
32
Pyrazinamide
MOA
ADR
Unknown. Acidified intra cellular environment
Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity
33
Ethambutol
MOA
ADR
Blocks arabinosyltransferase
Optic neuropathy (red green color blindness)
34
Binds PBPs, blocks transpeptidase
Pen G, V
35
Penicillinase sensitive penicillins
Pen G, V
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
36
Penicillinase resistant penicillins
Oxacillin, nafcicillin, dicloxacillin
37
