Arrhythmia/ Blocks/ Murmurs Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

Aortic stenosis, mitral/tricuspid regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, ventricular septal defect are diastolic or systolic murmurs?

A

Systolic

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2
Q

Aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis are diastolic or systolic murmurs?

A

Diastolic

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3
Q

What defect is often caused by congenital rubella or prematurity?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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4
Q

patent ductus arteriosus is what kind of murmur?

A

Continuous

Machine like

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5
Q

which valvular disease has a murmur that has a holosystolic high pitched blowing murmur?

A

Mitral or Tricuspid regurgitation

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6
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that has a crescendo decrescendo systolic ejection murmur with a possible ejection click?

A

Aortic stenosis

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7
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that can be caused by myxomatous degeneration such as primary or secondary to tissue diseases like Marfan syndrome or ehlers-danlos syndrome?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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8
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that is loudest at the heart base and radiates to the Carotid?

A

Aortic stenosis

*Carotic Stenosis

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9
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that is loudest at the Apex and radiates towards the axilla?

A

Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation

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10
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that is loudest at the tricuspid area?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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11
Q

This murmur/valvular disease is caused by Bicuspid aortic valve, Endocarditis, Aortic root dilation, or Rheumatic fever?

A

Aortic regurgitation (Decrescendo)

BEAR

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12
Q

What murmur is best heard at the Base of the heart
cause by → aortic root dilation

or

best heard at the left sternal border caused by→ Valvular disease?

A

High pitched “blowing” early diastolic decrescendo murmur

from Aortic Regurgitation

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13
Q

Which valvular disease presents with syncope, angina, and dyspnea on exertion?

A

aortic stenosis

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14
Q

which valvular disease is due to right ventricular dilatation?

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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15
Q

Rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis can cause what two valvular diseases?

A

Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation

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16
Q

What valvular disease is commonly due to calcifications in the heart valve?

A

Aortic stenosis

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17
Q

Which valvular disease is often due to left ventricular dilatation or ischemic heart disease after an myocardial infarction?

A

Mitral regurgitation

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18
Q

Which murmur/ valvular disease can be caused by chordae rupture?

A

mitral valve prolapse

Mid-systolic Click Crescendo

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19
Q

What valvular disease causes a delayed rumbling
mid-to-late
diastolic murmur?

A

Mitral stenosis

*a highly specific sequelae of rheumatic fever

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20
Q

what causes a late systolic Crescendo murmur with a mid systolic click due to tensing chordae tendineae?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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21
Q

Which murmur is heard loudest just before S2?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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22
Q

Which murmur is usually benign?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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23
Q

Which valvular disease can predispose to infective endocarditis?
and best heard over the APEX

A

Mitral valve prolapse

24
Q

What can cause a continuous machine like murmur and is best heard at the left infra clavicular area?

25
Which murmur has left atrial pressure greater than left ventricular pressure during diastole?
Mitral stenosis
26
The P wave equals? The QRS wave equals? The T wave equals?
Atrial Depolarization Ventricular Depolarization Ventricular Repolarization
27
____ node has a slow upstroke phase ____ artery supplies the AV node.
SA node | RCA
28
Rank Atria, Ventricles, AV node, and His-Purkinje in order of conduction speed.
His- Purkinje > Atria > Ventricles > AV node | He parks At Ventura Avenue
29
Where is the U wave located and what does it mean (2)?
The U wave is located after the T wave and may indicate hypokalemia or bradycardia.
30
irregular or absent p waves indicate what rhythm
atrial fibrillation
31
a Sawtooth pattern on ECG indicates what?
atrial flutter Butterfly Sawtooth
32
what presents with a shortened PR interval?
Wolff Parkinson White syndrome
33
a completely erratic rhythm with no waves and is fatal indicates what?
ventricular fibrillation
34
What Rhythms can be treated with catheter ablation?
atrial flutter | WPW syndrome
35
What Rhythm presents with irregularly irregular heartbeats
atrial fibrillation
36
In what illness does a signal travel through the bundle of Kent and bypasses the AV node?
Wolff Parkinson White syndrome Kent the wolf is hoping to move up from delta to gamma this year in the pack, but his wide QuadS are nothing SHORT of a PR nightmare.
37
What rhythm has rapid identical back-to-back atrial depolarization waves?
Atrial flutter
38
What rhythm can lead to thromboembolic events like stroke?
atrial fibrillation
39
What rhythm is occasionally seen after binge drinking?
atrial fibrillation
40
What presents with widened QRS complex and delta waves (slurred upstroke from P wave to QRS complex)?
Wolff Parkinson White syndrome
41
What increases your risk for torsades de Pointes?
Long QT intervals
42
How is torsades de Pointes treated?
Mg
43
What 5 drugs lengthen the QT interval?
anti-Arrhythmic, antiBiotics, antipsyChotics, antiDepressants, antiEmetics. (ABCDE)
44
A decrease in what three ions can cause torsades de Pointes?
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium | CaMP
45
What AV block presents with lengthening of the PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped?
Second degree AV block mobitz type 1
46
What AV block has a prolonged PR interval that is benign asymptomatic and no treatment is required?
First degree AV block
47
Which AV block May progress to 3rd degree block?
second degree AV block mobitz type 2
48
Which AV block has disconnected p waves and QRS complexes?
third degree AV block AKA complete AV block
49
which AV block drops a QRS complex but is not preceded by change in the length of the PR interval?
second degree AV block mobitz type 2
50
Which AV block can be treated with a pacemaker?
Second degree AV block mobitz type 2
51
What syndrome is autosomal dominant and common in Asian males?
Brugada syndrome | ST elevations/ sudden death in sleep/ ventricular irregular beats
52
What's syndrome is autosomal dominant, has a congenital Long QT interval, and is due to a K+ channel loss of function mutation?
Romano Ward syndrome
53
What syndrome has an ECG pattern of pseudo right bundle branch block and ST-elevations in leads V1–V3 Which increases the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death?
Brugada syndrome
54
What syndrome is autosomal recessive, has a congenital Long QT interval, sensorineural deafness, and an ion channel loss-of-function mutation (Most commonly K+ channel)?
Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome
55
What congenital defect increases the risk of sudden cardiac death due to torsades de Pointes?
Congenital Long QT syndrome 1. Romano Ward 2. Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome
56
How is A-Fib treated (2)
``` Beta Blocker (for palpitations, dizziness) Xa inhibitor (for thrombus risk) ```