Vitamins

Question 1

Their absorption dependent on ileum and pancreas

Answer 1

Vit. A D E K

Question 2

___ supplement can mask the hematologic symptoms of B12 deficiency but not the neurological symptoms

Answer 2

Vit B9 Folate

Question 3

Malabsorption 
Pernicious anemia (no IF b/c IF-ABs)
Gastric Bypass 
ileum resection (Chron's complication)
Metformin
Veganism (years) 

can all cause deficiency of

Answer 3

Vitamin B12 Cobalamin

Question 4

Damage to Medial Dorsal Thalamic Nuclei & Mammillary body

Answer 4

Wernicke Karsakoff

Question 5

Phenytoin, Sulfonamides, and Methotrexate can cause a deficiency of

Answer 5

Vit B9 Folate

Question 6

Important for DNA synthesis

Answer 6

Vitamin B12 Cobalamin

Question 7

Intrinsic Factor secreted by parietal cells help absorb what

Answer 7

Vitamin B 12 in the terminal ileum

Question 8

thiamine (TPP)

Answer 8

B1

*Wernicke Karsakoff Syndrome = deficiency in B1

Question 9

B-complex deficiencies often result in dermatitis, _____, and diarrhea

Answer 9

glossitis

Question 10

Component of Coenzyme A and Fatty Acid synthase

Answer 10

Vit B5 Pantothenic acid

Question 11

Raw egg whites contain Avadin that can cause a deficiency of

Answer 11

Vit B7 Biotin

*long term ABx use can too

Question 12

Deficiency causes:
 Dermatitis
enteritis
alopecia
adrenal insufficiency

Answer 12

Vit B5 Pantothenic acid

Question 13

niacin: NAD+

Answer 13

B3

*DHase

Question 14

Retinol is Vitamin __

Answer 14

A

Question 15

High Output Cardiac Failure
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Edema
alcoholic or malnourished

Answer 15

Wet Beri Beri

Vit B1 deficiency

Question 16

Cofactor used in synthesis of: 
Niacin
Heme
Histamine
Catecholamines
Cystathionine (homocystinuria) 
GABA
Glutathione

Answer 16

Vit B6 Pyridoxine

Question 17

Deficiency causes:
Glossitis (red beefy tongue)
Diarrhea
Dementia (Hallucinations)
Dermatitis (necklace rash)
Hyperpigmentation on sun exposed skin
Mouth sores

Answer 17

Niacin Vit. B3

*can be caused by corn based diets

Question 18

Maternal folic acid supplements for at least __ month prior to conception to prevent neural tube defects

Answer 18

1

Question 19

Deficiency causes:
Cheilosis (inflammation of lips and scaling/ tears at the corner of mouth)
Corneal Vascularization

Answer 19

Vit B2 (riboflavin) used in redox reactions

Question 20

All water soluble vitamins except __ and __ wash out of the body

Answer 20

B12 (liver for 3-4 years)

B9 (liver for 3-4 months)

Question 21

Cofactor for:

Transketolase
Pyruvate DHase
alpha Ketoglutarate DHase
Branched Chain Ketoacid DHase

Answer 21

Vit B1 (Thiamine as TPP)

Question 22

Bulky Foul Smelling poos

Answer 22

Malabsoprtion

Question 23

Deficiency causes:
Dry, Scaly skin
Bitot spot (foamy eye dots on conjuctiva)
Night Blindness
Immunosupression
Keratomalacia (corneal degeneration)

Answer 23

Vit A

Question 24

Deficiency causes:
Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented PMNs
Parasthesias
Subacute Combined Degeneration
abnormal myelin

Answer 24

Vitamin B12 Cobalamin

• irreversible nerve damage if prolonged deficiency
• anemia can also be microcytic

Question 25

biotin

Answer 25

B7 * Carboxylases; building FAs * Hairloss * caused by long-term ABx use or eating RAW EGG whites (Avidin binds Biotin)

Question 26

Cofactor for CARBOXYLATION enzymes

Answer 26

Vit B7 Biotin

Question 27

isoniazid & OCPs can cause a deficiency of

Answer 27

Vit B6 Pyridoxine

Question 28

Cofactor used in transamination (ALT/AST) decarboxylation reactions & Glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 28

Vit B6 Pyridoxine

Question 29

``` Toxicity causes: Facial Flushing Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Puritis N/V ```

Answer 29

Niacin Vit. B3 causes Podagra (gout)

Question 30

``` ACUTE Toxicity causes: Nausea Vomitting Vertigo Blurry Vision ```

Answer 30

Vit A

Question 31

pyridoxine: PLP

Answer 31

B6

Question 32

Teratogen causes Cleft Palate and Heart defects

Answer 32

Vit A

Question 33

Pellagra (Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis) can be caused by (4)

Answer 33

Vit. B3 Niacin deficiency Hartnup Disease (↓ Tryptophan to make niacin) Carcinoid Syndrome Isoniazid (↓ B6)

Question 34

pantothenic acid: CoA

Answer 34

B5

Question 35

Deficiency causes: ↑ serum Homocystine NORMAL Methylmalonic Acid levels

Answer 35

Vit B9 Folate

Question 36

cobalamine

Answer 36

B12 | *stored in liver for ~ 3–4 years

Question 37

Important cofactor needed for the synthesis of Nitrogenous bases

Answer 37

Vit B9 (folate as THF)

Question 38

Shilling Test: Oral Vit B12* given IM Vit B12 given Urine collects Vit B12* >5% Vit B12* in urine = <5% Vit B12* in urine = Oral Vit B12* & Oral Intrinsic Factor given >5% Vit B12* in urine = *(Radiolabled)

Answer 38

>5%: Normal absorption/ function <5%: Malabsorption (B12 retained) >5% + IF: Pernicious anemia (IF destroyed; B12 peed out)

Question 39

asorbic acid

Answer 39

vit. C

Question 40

Used to treat MEASLES | and AML

Answer 40

Vit A

Question 41

Deficiency causes: Megaloblastic anemia Hypersegmented PMNs Glossitis

Answer 41

Vit B9 Folate * NO neuro symptoms like B12 * anemia can also be microcytic

Question 42

Made from Tryptophan Treats Dyslipidemia Lowers VLDL Raises HDL

Answer 42

Niacin Vit. B3

Question 43

Deficiency causes: ATP depletion elevated RBC Transketolase

Answer 43

Vit B1 (Thiamine as TPP)

Question 44

folate

Answer 44

B9 | *stored in liver for ~ 3–4 months

Question 45

riboflavin: FAD, FMN

Answer 45

B2 | *Complex 2, Succinate DHase (No B3 required)

Question 46

Deficiency causes: ↑ serum Homocystine ↑ Methylmalonic Acid levels

Answer 46

Vitamin B12 Cobalamin *along with Vit B9 Folate deficiency

Question 47

Cofactor for Methionine Synthase Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

Answer 47

Vitamin B12 Cobalamin

Question 48

Polyneuropathy (foot/wrist drop) muscle wasting alcoholic or malnourished

Answer 48

Dry Beri Beri | Vit B1 deficiency

Question 49

``` Deficiency causes: Convulsions/ seizures Hyper-irritability Cheilosis/Glossitis peripheral neuropathy sideroblastic anemia (impaired Hb synth/ iron excess) ```

Answer 49

Vit B6 Pyridoxine

Question 50

Biotin is used by thee 3 enzymes

Answer 50

``` Pyruvate Carboxylase (to Oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis) Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (to Malonyl CoA for FA synth) Propionyl CoA Carboxylase (to Methylmalanyl CoA for FA breakdown) ```

Question 51

Patients who have undergone gastrectomy have reduced ___ levels, leading to weight loss.

Answer 51

ghrelin

Question 52

perifollicular hemorrhages, myalgias, subperiosteal hematoma, and gingivitis has typical features of

Answer 52

scurvy. | Asorbic acid Vitamin C deficiency

Question 53

deficiency is characterized by acrodermatitis enteropathica, growth retardation, and infertility.

Answer 53

Zinc

Question 54

Unlike Thymine, Cytosine is not dependent on ___ for synthesis

Answer 54

Vit. B9 folate (THF)

Question 55

Large doses of vitamin __ can give false negative stool guaiac results and are associated with diarrhea and abdominal bloating.

Answer 55

C

Question 56

CHRONIC Vitamin __ overuse can result in intracranial hypertension (papilledema) , skin changes and hepatosplenomegaly.

Answer 56

A