Microbiology Drugs

Question 1

antimicrobial at disrupts cell membrane integrity

Answer 1

Daptomycin (gram +)

Polymixins (gram –)

Question 2

Antimicrobial that disrupts cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycans

Answer 2

Vancomycin and Bacitracin

aka glycopeptides

Question 3

Antimicrobial that disrupts cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycan cross-linking

Answer 3

Penicillins
Antipseudomonals
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Question 4

Disrupts protein synthesis by binding 30s Ribosome in microbes

Answer 4

Aminoglycosides
Glycyclcyclines (Tigecycline)
Tetracyclines

Question 5

Disrupts protein synthesis by binding 50s Ribosome in microbes (5)

Answer 5

Macrolides
Streptogramins
clindamycin
Linezolid
chloramphenicol

Question 6

Disrupts microbial DNA integrity via free radicals

Answer 6

metronidazole

Question 7

Disrupts microbial mRNA synthesis via RNA polymerase (2)

Answer 7

Rifampin

Rifabutin

Question 8

Disrupts microbial DNA synthesis via Gyrase (Topoisomerase IV)

Answer 8

Fluoroquinilones

Quinolone (Nalidixic acid)

Question 9

Blocks Mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria

Answer 9

isoniazid

Question 10

Blocks mRNA synthesis via DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in mycobacteria

Answer 10

Rifabutin

Rifampin

Question 11

Unclear intracellular mechanism

Answer 11

Pyrazinamide

Question 12

Blocks Arabanogalactan synthesis via arabinosyl transferase in mycobacteria

Answer 12

Ethambutol

Question 13

Inhibits fungal enzyme, squalene epoxidase, blocking lanosterol synthesis

Answer 13

Terbinafine

Question 14

Inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of Beta Glucan

Answer 14

Echinocandins (–fungins)

Question 15

Binds fungal ergosterol forming pores that disrupt cell membrane integrity allowing the leakage of electrolytes

Answer 15

Amphotericin B

Nyastatin

Question 16

Inhibits fungal DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion of 5FU to cytosine demaminase

Answer 16

Flucytosine

Question 17

Inhibits fungal Thymidine Kinase and binds mRNA causing missense protein mutations

Answer 17

Flucytosine

Question 18

Inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting Cytochrome P450 which converts lanosterol to ergosterol via methylation

Answer 18

–Azoles

Question 19

Disrupt release of progeny virus

Answer 19

Neuroaminidase inhibitors

Oseltamavir, Zanamivir

Question 20

Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via Guanosine analogs (2)

Answer 20

Acyclovir (HSV, VZV)

Ganciclovir (CMV)

Question 21

Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via viral DNA polymerase inhibitors (2)

Answer 21

Cidofovir, Foscarnet

CMV, HSV is acyclovir resistant

Question 22

Disrupt Nucleic acid synthesis via Guanine Nucleotide Synthesis

Answer 22

Ribavirin (RSV, HCV)

Question 23

Inhibit HIV attachment

Answer 23

Maraviroc

Question 24

Inhibit HIV penetration

Answer 24

Enfuviritide

Question 25

Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase | NNRTIs (3)

Answer 25

Delaviridine Efavirenz Nevirapine

Question 26

Inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase | NRTIs (7)

Answer 26

``` Abacavir Didanosine Emtricitabine Lamivudine Stavudine Tenofovir Zidovudine ```

Question 27

Inhibit HIV Integrase

Answer 27

–gravir suffix

Question 28

Inhibit HIV Protease from processing/packaging progeny

Answer 28

–Navir suffix

Question 29

______ is an analog of pyrophosphate that can chelate calcium and promote nephrotoxic renal magnesium wasting.  These toxicities can result in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, which can cause _____.

Answer 29

Foscarnet | seizures

Question 30

Beta-lactamase inhibitors like ______ (3) prevent beta-lactamase from inactivating penicillin class drugs, which extends the spectrum of their activity.

Answer 30

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

Question 31

resistance to carbapenems can occur due to carbapenemase, which is primarily seen in ____ species.

Answer 31

Enterobacter

Question 32

a compound that decreases the renal clearance of penicillins by inhibiting the tubular organic acid secretion system.  This agent has been utilized to prolong the action of penicillin in some settings

Answer 32

Probenecid