Useful Misc

Question 1

fish oil (linoleic acid) mechanism of action

Answer 1

anatgonize VLDL-cholesterol secretion

Question 2

Where is the IVC located in relation to the liver?

Answer 2

directly posterior

Question 3

Which nerve lies anterior to the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 3

anterior labial/scrotal nerve

Question 4

Which AA is required for the synthesis of glucosamine from F6P?

Answer 4

Glutamine

Question 5

mechanism of action of orlistat? indication?

Answer 5

inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase –> weight loss

Question 6

Drainage of the breast through which vein provides the most direct pathway for malignant cell to travel to the vertebral column?

Answer 6

intercostal veins

Question 7

How does rearrangement affect size of VDJ regions?

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

How does histamine affect the
arteriolar resistance:
capillary hydrostatic pressure:
capillary filtration rate:

Answer 8

decrease arteriolar resistance

increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

increase capillary filtration rate

Question 9

Thrombosis of which vessel is assoc w/ pancreatitis?

Answer 9

splenic vein

Question 10

pathogenesis of adenosine deaminase deficiency + impaired DNA synthesis

Answer 10

ADA deficiency –> increase dATP in T cells –> increase dATP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase –> impaired DNA synthesis

Question 11

What happens to the lysosomal proteins in I cell disease (no mannose-6-phosphate)?

Answer 11

secreted out of cell

Question 12

What is the cause of ventriculomegaly in Alzheimer’s?

Answer 12

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

Question 13

mechanism of action of niacin

Answer 13

Inhibits VLDL secretion from liver + cholesterologenesis

Question 14

What electrolyte abnormalities does acetazolamide cause?

Answer 14

elevated chloride

type 2 RTA

Question 15

progression of acid-base disturbance in aspirin overdose

Answer 15

hyperventilation –> resp alkalosis w/ compensatory metabolic acidosis
respiratory paralysis –> respiratory acidosis

Question 16

mechanism of action aspirin overdose

Answer 16

uncoupling of ox-phos

Question 17

treatment for aspirin overdose

Answer 17

sodium bicarb

Question 18

How does a lesion to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus affect rotation of the arm?

Answer 18

can’t externally rotate

Question 19

origin/insertion of ACL + PCL

Answer 19

ACL: posterior lateral femoral condyle –> anterior tibia
PCL: anterior medial femoral condyle –> poserior tibia
LAMP

Question 20

What is the metabolite found in the urine of patients w/ carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 20

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

Question 21

most common causes of acute bacterial parotiditis

Answer 21

Staph A

Question 22

medication of for manic episodes of bipolar

Answer 22

Valproate

Question 23

What does the subscap nerve innervate?

Answer 23

subscap

teres major

Question 24

What does the supraspinatus innervate?

Answer 24

What does the supraspinatus innervate?

Question 25

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 25

deltoid | teres minor

Question 26

blood supply to superior aspect of the lesser curvature of the stomach? inferior aspect?

Answer 26

superior aspect = L gastric | inferior aspect = R gastric

Question 27

Which childhood tumor causes vertical gaze palsy?

Answer 27

Pinealoma

Question 28

What is the location of the sphenoethmoidal recess?

Answer 28

superior to the superior concha

Question 29

What is the consequence for the fetus if the mother has hypothyroidism? Why?

Answer 29

cretinism (abnormal brain development) during the first few months of gestation the baby relies on the mom for thyroid hormone and this is ESSENTIAL for brain development

Question 30

Pain from the phrenic nerve will usually be associated with what sensations? Where will the pain originate?

Answer 30

pain originates from the heart; associated with shoulder pain

Question 31

What happens in the liver first as a result of binge brinking?

Answer 31

Fatty Change | swelling of cells first maybe

Question 32

``` Pregnant woman Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets schistocytes ```

Answer 32

HELLP Syndrome *immediate delivery

Question 33

What are the side effx of bleomycin?

Answer 33

hyperpigmentation + pulmonary fibrosis

Question 34

Most likely cause of death within 24 hrs of an MI?

Answer 34

Vent. Arrythmia

Question 35

Restrictive lung disease causes expansion of the airway due to outward pulling of the fibrotic tissue- this causes increased radial traction What value paradoxically increases as a result

Answer 35

FEV1

Question 36

In Tuberous Sclerosis what are the renal findings? | Cardiac findings?

Answer 36

renal angiomyolipomas cardiac rhabdomyomas

Question 37

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a defect in what step of collagen synthesis/structure?

Answer 37

secondary structure formation: glycosylation forming triple helix

Question 38

What does a hemidesmosome connect?

Answer 38

basement membrane to the stratum basale

Question 39

What is the presentation of pyruvate kinase deficiency? | What would be increased? What would be decreased?

Answer 39

hemolytic anemia in a newborn 2,3 BPG increased ATP decreased

Question 40

What are the essential fatty acids?

Answer 40

omega 3= alpha-linolenic | omega 6=linoleic

Question 41

What would the mixed venous oxygen tension be in a cardiogenic shock patient? What would pulmonary vascular resistance be?

Answer 41

decreased because you're already saturating less increased (you're not saturating as much so your lung constrict rather than dilate)

Question 42

What does Tamoxifen do in the endometrial and the breast tissue?

Answer 42

endometrial- partial agonist | breast- antagonist

Question 43

What do the parietal cells secrete? What do the chief cells secrete?

Answer 43

Gastric acid and intrinsic factor zymogen or pepsin

Question 44

opioids can cause what adverse rxn?

Answer 44

IgE independent mast cell degranulation (release histamine/heparin/tryptase/eosinophil chemotactic factors

Question 45

What nerves control volume of the bladder? Sympathetic control? Parasympathetic control?

Answer 45

pudendal nerve hypogastric nerve pelvic nerve

Question 46

What part of the bladder do the pudendal nerves control? What part do the hypogastric nerves control? What part do the pelvic nerves control?

Answer 46

external sphincter internal sphincter detrusor muscle (on the top of the bladder)