Articulations: Lecture 14

Question 1

joint functions

Answer 1

stability, movement, bone growth

Question 2

synarthrosis

Answer 2

functional classification
no movement, greatest stability

Question 3

amphiarthrosis

Answer 3

functional classification
small degree of movement, significant stability

Question 4

diarthrosis

Answer 4

functional classification
free movement in one or more planes (least stable)

Question 5

stability of joints

Answer 5

the more movement, the less stable the joints

Question 6

fibrous joints

Answer 6

(structural classification)
dense regular CT
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis

Question 7

cartilaginous joints

Answer 7

structural classification
cartilage between bones
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis

Question 8

synovial joints

Answer 8

structural classification
space filled with synovial fluid
diarthrosis

Question 9

sutures

Answer 9

fibrous
the joint between bones that make up the skull

Question 10

gomphoses

Answer 10

fibrous
joints between a tooth and its corresponding alveolus in the mandible or the maxilla

Question 11

syndesmosis

Answer 11

fibrous
the articulating bones are joined by a long membrane

Question 12

synchondrosis

Answer 12

cartilaginous
bones united by hyaline cartilage
costochondral, epiphyseal plate

Question 13

symphysis

Answer 13

cartilaginous
a joint in which the bones are united by a tough fibrocartilage pad
vertebrae, pubic symphysis

Question 14

synovial joint movement

Answer 14

muscles contract across joints; insertion (attached to moveable bone) moves towards the origin

Question 15

synovial structural elements

Answer 15

synovial cavity, articular capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid

Question 16

articular capsule

Answer 16

outer layer: dense irregular CT; holds bones together, insulates
inner layer: areolar tissue; nutrients, waste removal, gas exchange, synovial fluid secretion

Question 17

synovial fluid functions and components

Answer 17

lubrication, metabolic functions, shock absorption
adipose tissue, blood supply, nerves

Question 18

synovial joint stability

Answer 18

range of motion determined by shape of articular surface, ligament number, muscle tone

Question 19

bursa

Answer 19

fluid-filled sacs lined by synovial membrane to reduce friction between moving parts

Question 20

tendon sheaths

Answer 20

elongated, cylindrical synovial membrane surrounding tendons around synovial joints

Question 21

non axial joints

Answer 21

gliding joints

Question 22

uni-axial joints

Answer 22

hinge and pivot joints

Question 23

bi-axial joints

Answer 23

ellipsoid (condylar) and saddle joints

Question 24

multi-axial joints

Answer 24

ball and socket joints

Question 25

arthritis

Answer 25

joint inflammation; immune response to damaged articular cartilage and underlying bone

Question 26

osteoarthritis

Answer 26

wear and tear, increases with age, obesity, and female managed: pain/anti-inflammatory medication, joint movement

Question 27

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 27

autoimmune disease, 30-50 years managed: pain/anti-inflammatory medication, immunosuppressants

Question 28

gouty arthritis

Answer 28

accumulation of excess uric acid in joints managed: pain/anti-inflammatory medication, anti-uric acid

Question 29

knee joints

Answer 29

patellofemoral (saddle), tibiofemoral (hinge), superior tibiofibular (plane)

Question 30

knee ligaments

Answer 30

fibular collateral ligament (LCL), tibial collateral ligament (MCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), patellar ligament, transverse ligament

Question 31

knee cartilages

Answer 31

articular: hyaline menisci: fibrocartilage pads, helps to prevent the deterioration of articular cartilage

Question 32

muscles that move and stabilize the knee

Answer 32

quadricep femoris group, quadricep tendon, hamstring group