Histology I: Lecture 9

Question 1

histology

Answer 1

the study of the normal structure of tissues

Question 2

tissue

Answer 2

-groups of cells, similar in structure, that cooperate to perform a function
-cells embedded in ECM of ground substance and fibrous proteins

Question 3

primary tissue classes

Answer 3

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular

Question 4

epithelial tissue

Answer 4

sheets of tightly packed cells, little visible ECM; coverings and linings or glands

Question 5

connective tissue

Answer 5

loosely scattered cells; ECM most prominent; bind, support, protect, connect parts of the body

Question 6

muscular tissue

Answer 6

long, cylindrical, or spindle shaped cells; little visible ECM; contractile/generate force

Question 7

nervous tissue

Answer 7

mostly fluid ECM; process and transmit information

Question 8

extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 8

ground substance and fibrous proteins that surround cells

Question 9

ground substance

Answer 9

EC fluid, gel, or solid; water, ions, nutrients, and macromolecules: glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins

Question 10

fibrous proteins

Answer 10

collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers

Question 11

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Answer 11

strands of ‘bottle brush’; charged- attract water molecules

Question 12

proteoglycans

Answer 12

‘bottle brush’; slow pathogens, connect ECM to cell membranes

Question 13

glycoproteins

Answer 13

bind plasma membrane to EC collagen and proteoglycans

Question 14

collagenous fibers

Answer 14

(thickest) 25% of bodies protein; tough- resist stretching and tension

Question 15

reticular fibers

Answer 15

(median thickness) thin collagen fibers with glycoprotein coat; form spongelike frameworks for spleen and lymph nodes

Question 16

elastic fibers

Answer 16

(thinnest) made of elastin-coiled protein with ability to recoil (elasticity)

Question 17

cell shapes

Answer 17

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, polygonal, stellate, spheroidal, discoid, fusiform, fibrous

Question 18

cell junctions

Answer 18

physical connections between tissue cells;
types: tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

Question 19

tight junctions

Answer 19

integral membrane proteins of adjacent cells lock together to form an impermeable seal

Question 20

desmosomes

Answer 20

integral membrane proteins of adjacent cells interweave between cells and connect to intermediate filaments within cells; resist mechanical stress

Question 21

gap junctions

Answer 21

interlocked protein pores that allow substances to pass between cells

Question 22

(broad) types of epithelial tissue

Answer 22

1. coverings and linings
2. glands

Question 23

epithelial characteristics

Answer 23

polarity, specialized contacts, avascular, supported by connective tissue, innervated, regeneration

Question 24

structural characteristics of epithelium

Answer 24

cell shape, number of layers

Question 25

epithelial functions

Answer 25

protection, secretion, excretion, absorption, filtration, sensation

Question 26

simple squamous

Answer 26

bound by tight junctions function: rapid diffusion, secretion location: lung alveoli, kidney glomeruli, endothelium, serosa

Question 27

simple cuboidal

Answer 27

function: absorption and secretion location: liver, thyroid, mammary, salivary, kidney tubules, bronchioles

Question 28

simple columnar

Answer 28

function: absorption and secretion location: GI tract lining, uterus, kidneys, uterine tubes

Question 29

pseudo-stratified columnar

Answer 29

includes cilia and goblet cells function: secretes and propels mucous location: upper respiratory tract, portions of male urethra

Question 30

transport across epithelia

Answer 30

transcellular- osmosis, diffusion, active and vesicular transport paracellular- less common (due to tight junctions)

Question 31

stratified squamous

Answer 31

most abundant epithelia, keratinized and non-keratinized

Question 32

keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 32

function: resist abrasion and water loss location: epidermis

Question 33

non-keratinized stratified squamous

Answer 33

function: resist abrasion location: tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, vagina

Question 34

stratified cuboidal

Answer 34

function: secretes sweat, sperm production, and ovarian hormone production location: sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles, seminiferous tubules

Question 35

transitional

Answer 35

function: distension location: ureter and bladder

Question 36

glands

Answer 36

cell or organ that secretes or excretes substances

Question 37

exocrine glands

Answer 37

maintain contact with body surfaces via ducts

Question 38

endocrine glands

Answer 38

no ducts, secrete products into blood stream

Question 39

goblet cells

Answer 39

GI and respiratory tracts; secrete mucous

Question 40

types of exocrine glands

Answer 40

simple tubular, simple acinar, compound acinar, compound tubuloacinar

Question 41

merocrine (eccrine)

Answer 41

products released as vesicles during exocytosis ie: tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands, sweat

Question 42

apocrine

Answer 42

part of the cytoplasm broken off along with vesicles from apical portion ie: mammary glands

Question 43

holocrine

Answer 43

cells accumulate product, then rupture to release it