Histology II: Lecture 10

Question 1

functions of connective tissues

Answer 1

bind organs together, support, physical protection, immune protection, movement, storage, heat production, transport

Question 2

properties of connective tissues

Answer 2

cells occupy less space than matrix, not direct contact; ECM plays extensive role in function; varies in vascularity

Question 3

connective tissue proper cells

Answer 3

fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, phagocytes, immune cells

Question 4

cartilage tissue

Answer 4

produced by chondroblasts; chondrocytes trapped in lacunae; little innervation and vascularization; relies on perichondrium for nourishment and growth

Question 5

bone tissue

Answer 5

osteoblasts create osteocytes trapped in lacunae-lacunae connected by canaliculi; matrix deposited in layers (lamellae)

Question 6

blood tissue

Answer 6

only liquid connective tissue; ground substance=plasma; erythrocytes and leukocytes

Question 7

types of connective tissue proper

Answer 7

areolar (loose), adipose, reticular, dense regular, dense irregular, dense elastic

Question 8

types of specialized connective tissue

Answer 8

cartilage, bone, blood

Question 9

areolar (loose) connective tissue

Answer 9

abundant, vascularized; all cell and fiber tupes
function: support and protection
location: walls of hollow organs

Question 10

dense regular CT

Answer 10

function: resist predictable tension
location: tendons and ligaments

Question 11

dense irregular CT

Answer 11

function: resist unpredictable tensions
location: around organs, bones, nerves, and cartilages

Question 12

dense elastic CT

Answer 12

function: allows tissues and organs to stretch
location: linings of large blood vessels, certain ligaments, heart, stomach

Question 13

adipose

Answer 13

dominant cell types, highly vascularized, adipocytes
function: store fats, insulation, shock absorption
location: surround heart/abdominal organs

Question 14

white fat

Answer 14

(adults) adipose accumulate subcutaneously; constantly hydrolyzed and synthesized

Question 15

brown fat

Answer 15

(infants between shoulder blades) numerous mitochondria, no ATP synthesis, heat only

Question 16

reticular CT

Answer 16

fibroblasts, reticular fibers
function: internal structure/support
location: spleen and lymph nodes

Question 17

cartilage

Answer 17

resist tension and compression; tough but flexible; contains a lot of fluid

Question 18

hyaline cartilage

Answer 18

most abundant, mostly thin collagen fiber; major component of epiphyseal plates

Question 19

elastic cartilage

Answer 19

rich in elastin fibers, mostly in ear pinnae

Question 20

fibrocartilage

Answer 20

mostly course bundles of collagen, resist compression
intervertebral discs, knee joint discs

Question 21

muscle tissue

Answer 21

excitable (response to stimulus), cytoplasm filled with myofilament proteins

Question 22

features of muscle tissue

Answer 22

myocytes- muscle cells
myofilament- actin/myosin; fill cytoplasm
myofibril- make up myofilaments
endomesium- extracellular matrix

Question 23

skeletal muscle

Answer 23

long, cylindrical cells, multinucleated, striated, voluntary

Question 24

cardiac muscle

Answer 24

branching, uni- or bi-nucleated, striated, involuntary

Question 25

smooth muscle

Answer 25

fusiform cells, uni-nucleated, unstriated, involuntary

Question 26

nervous tissue

Answer 26

neurons (cell body, axon, dendrites) and neuroglia (support)

Question 27

organ

Answer 27

two or more tissues that combine for a common structure and function

Question 28

membrane

Answer 28

thin sheet of one or more tissues that lines a body surface or cavity; most are epithelial tissue resting on a layer of connective tissue

Question 29

true membranes

Answer 29

serous and synovial; anchors organs, barriers, immunity, secretion

Question 30

membrane-like structures

Answer 30

mucous and cutaneous; perform some of the true membrane functions

Question 31

serous membranes

Answer 31

line pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal body cavities; simple squamous layer, basement membrane, connective tissue parietal and visceral layers surround serous fluid

Question 32

synovial membranes

Answer 32

line cavities surrounding freely moveable joints; 2 connective tissue layers: inner synoviocytes, outer loose and dense CT

Question 33

mucous membranes

Answer 33

line surfaces that open to the outside of the body; epithelial, basement membrane, loose connective lamina propria

Question 34

cutaneous membranes

Answer 34

the skin (largest organ); epidermis and dermis

Question 35

tissue repair

Answer 35

regeneration or fibrosis to replace damaged tissue cells

Question 36

regeneration

Answer 36

complete replacement, full functionality epithelial, most connective, smooth muscle, some PNS nerves

Question 37

fibrosis

Answer 37

damaged cells replaced by collagen to make dense irregular scar tissue cardiac and skeletal muscle, CNS nervous tissue, cartilage, liver cells