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Anatomy > Muscle Tissue I: Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue I: Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

voluntary long, cylindrical multinucleated muscle cells; connected by nerves

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2
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

involuntary, branched, uni or binucleated, connected by gap junctions

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3
Q

smooth muscle tissue

A

involuntary, short spindle shaped, uninucleated, connected by gap junctions

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4
Q

muscle extracellular matrix

A

endomysium- holds muscle cells together within muscle tissue

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5
Q

muscle cell characteristics

A

contractility, excitability, conductivity, distensibility, elasticity

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6
Q

contractility

A

ability of protein fibers within myocytes to draw together

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7
Q

excitability

A

responds to electrical or chemical stimuli

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8
Q

conductivity

A

conduct stimulus (electricity)

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9
Q

distensibility

A

can be stretched up to 3x resting length

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10
Q

elasticity

A

ability to regain original state after stretching

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11
Q

myocyte

A

muscle cell

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12
Q

sarcoplasm

A

myocyte cytoplasm

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13
Q

sarcolemma

A

myocyte plasma membrane

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14
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

A

modified endoplasmic reticulum; forms web-like network surrounding myofibrils, varies in structure in three types of muscle tissue

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15
Q

myofibrils

A

unique cylindrical organelles found in muscle cells; 50-80% of cell volume; bundles of specialized proteins that allow for contraction

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16
Q

muscle organelles

A

(such as nucleus, mitochondria) packed between myofibrils

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17
Q

structure of skeletal muscle fiber

A

thin cylinders consist of many fibers, surrounded by endomysium
length: up to 30 cm
thickness: up to 100 micrometers

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18
Q

transverse tubules (t-tubules)

A

deep inward extensions of sarcolemma that surround each myofibril; form tunnel-like network within muscle fibers
continuous with cell exterior, filled with extracellular fluid

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19
Q

terminal cisternae

A

enlarged sections of SR, flank each t-tubule

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20
Q

triad

A

two terminal cisternae plus corresponding t-tubule form triad

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21
Q

types of myofilaments

A

thick, thin, elastic

22
Q

filament proteins

A

actin, myosin, titin, tropomyosin, troponin

23
Q

thick filaments

A

-contractile protein myosin
-globular heads at each end linked by intertwining tails
-connected to tailes by hinge-like neck
-active site that binds with actin

24
Q

thin filaments

A

-actin, tropomyosin, troponin
-multiple actin subunits string together; form two intertwining strands in functional thin filament
-each bead-shaped actin has active site, binds with myosin heads

25
thin filament function
tropomyosin: long, rope-like regulatory protein; twists around actin, covering up active sites troponin: small globular regulatory protein; holds tropomyosin in place; assists with turning contractions on and off
26
I band
light band, only thin filaments
27
Z disc
middle of I band, composed of structural proteins; anchor thin filaments, attachment points for elastic filaments, attach myofibrils to one another across entire diameter of muscle fiber
28
A band
dark band "zone of overlap"; both thick and thin filaments generate tension during contraction
29
H zone
middle of A band with only thick filaments
30
M line
dark line in middle of A band; structural proteins hold thick filaments in place, anchoring point for elastic filaments
31
fascicle
bundle of multiple muscle fibers
32
endomysium
connective tissue surrounding muscle fibers
33
perimysium
connective tissue surrounding fascicle
34
epimysium
connective tissue surrounding bundles of fascicles that make up the skeletal muscle
35
tendon
perimysium and epimysium come together at end of muscle; bind muscle to its attaching structure (usually bone)
36
fascia
thick connective tissue layer that encloses skeletal muscles; anchors to surrounding tissues and holds muscle groups together
37
sliding-filament mechanism of contraction
tension generated -both I band and H zone narrow, A band unchanged -myosin heads attach to actin, pull thin filaments toward M line; brings Z-discs closer together (shorten sarcomere) - sarcomeres arranged end to end; simultaneous contraction shorten whole muscle fiber
38
sarcomere
functional unit of contraction
39
membrane potential
result form unequal distribution of ions near plasma membrane resulting in polarized resting state
40
polarization
thin layer of negatively charged ions in cytosol on inside of cell; thin layer of positively charged ions on outside of cell
41
electrical gradient
created by separation of charges; source of potential energy
42
electrical potential
when barrier separating ions is removed, they follow their gradients, creating a flow of electrical charges; potential energy becomes kinetic energy
43
ion channels
ions cannot diffuse through lipid component of plasma membrane, must rely on specific protein channels
44
leak channels
always open; continuously allow ions to flow down concentration gradients between cytosol and ECF
45
gated channels
closed at rest; open in response to specific stimulus ligand-gated, voltage-gated, mechanically-gated
46
ligand-gated channels
open in response to binding of specific chemical or ligand to a specific receptor
47
voltage-gated channels
open in response to changes in voltage across membrane
48
mechanically-gated channels
open or close in response to mechanical stimulation (pressure, stretch, or vibration)
49
protein channels
allow for movement of ions (Na+ and K+) through hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer
50
sodium/potassium pump
moves 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions into cell per ATP hydrolyzed
51
ATP hydrolysis
pump moves ions against concentration gradients high concentration of Na+ outside cell, high concentration of K+ inside cell
52
voltage
difference in electrical potential between two points

Anatomy (23 decks)

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