Cytoskeleton and Organelles: Lecture 6

Question 1

cytosol

Answer 1

semifluid gel material inside the cell

Question 2

centrioles

Answer 2

microtubular structures involved in cell division

Question 3

cytoskeleton

Answer 3

structural framework of the cell

Question 4

secretory vesicle

Answer 4

membrane-bound shipping container

Question 5

plasma membrane

Answer 5

controls movement of materials into and out of cell

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

contains genetic information; centrally located and stains darkly; bound by nuclear envelope

Question 7

chromatin

Answer 7

unspooled DNA

Question 8

nuclear envelope

Answer 8

binds nucleus; has nuclear pores- allow passage of ribosomal subunits

Question 9

nucleolus

Answer 9

produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 10

mitochrondrion

Answer 10

powerplant of the cell (ATP synthesis); has a double membrane- inner membrane forms folds (cristae); has specific DNA

Question 11

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 11

prokaryotic cells engulfed other prokaryotic cell by endocytosis resulting the the first eukaryotic cells

Question 12

mitochondrial DNA

Answer 12

passed on from the mother to her children; a mitochondrial DNA test tells you where your maternal ancestors come from

Question 13

ribosomes

Answer 13

specialized for protein synthesis; large and small protein subunits- free in cytosol or bound to rough ER and nuclear membrane

Question 14

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 14

network of cisternae (tubules) continuous with outer nuclear membrane

Question 15

rough ER

Answer 15

studded with ribosomes; location for protein folding and membrane factory

Question 16

smooth ER

Answer 16

no ribosomes; calcium ion storage, detoxification reactions, lipid synthesis

Question 17

golgi apparatus

Answer 17

small system of cisternae where proteins and lipids are modified, sorted, and packaged for export; synthesizes carbohydrates

Question 18

peroxisome

Answer 18

produced by rough ER; oxidizes toxic substances, breaks down fatty acids

Question 19

lysosome

Answer 19

produced by golgi; contain acid hydrolases to digest bacteria and worn out cell components

Question 20

endomembrane system

Answer 20

group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins; RER and SER, peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane

Question 21

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 21

gives shape and size, provides structural support, perform specialized functions, allow for movement of whole cells and organelles

Question 22

3 types of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton

Answer 22

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Question 23

microfilaments

Answer 23

(actin) form terminal web; extend into microvilli

Question 24

intermediate filaments

Answer 24

(various proteins) give cell shape, structural role

Question 25

microtubules

Answer 25

(tubulin) radiate from centrosomes, hold organelles in place, railway tracks for organelle movement, axonemes

Question 26

centrosome

Answer 26

microtubules extend from/microtubule organization center

Question 27

centrioles

Answer 27

ring of nine groups of three modified microtubules critical for cellular division

Question 28

basal bodies

Answer 28

modified microtubules on internal surface of plasma membrane where flagella and cilia originate

Question 29

cellular extensions

Answer 29

microvilli, cilia, flagellum, pseudopods

Question 30

microvilli

Answer 30

plasma membrane extensions, increase absorptive surface, actin filaments connected to terminal web -intestinal epithelia, kidney tubules

Question 31

primary cilia

Answer 31

every human cell has one; cell sensory function- monitors surrounding conditions -kidney primary cilia monitor fluid flow

Question 32

motile cilia

Answer 32

must beat in a non-viscous saline solution

Question 33

cystic fibrosis

Answer 33

some cells are missing protein component of chloride ion channel causing deficient chloride ion transport in lungs, digestive, and integumentary systems resulting in abnormally thick mucus -blocks airways, causes digestive enzyme deficiencies , and very salty sweat -no saline layer for cilia to beat in

Question 34

flagella

Answer 34

only found in sperm cells in human; identical axoneme to secondary cilia- much longer and stiffer, move in whip-like manner

Question 35

pseudopods

Answer 35

cytoplasm filled extensions of cell surface, used by macrophages -constantly appearing/retracting -assembling/disassembling actin protein scaffolds