Core Principle: Lecture 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

study of the structure of body parts and their relation to each other

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

function of body parts

Question 3

8 characteristics of life

Answer 3

1. homeostasis
2. organization
3. metabolism
4. growth and development
5. adaptation
6. response to stimuli
7. reproduction
8. universal genetic code

Question 4

homeostasis

Answer 4

maintaining a stable internal environment as external conditions vary

Question 5

organization

Answer 5

living things made up of units (cells)

Question 6

metabolism

Answer 6

combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up (anabolism) or breaks down (catabolism) materials as it carries out its life processes

Question 7

growth and development

Answer 7

increase in size; cell division and differentiation

Question 8

adaptation

Answer 8

living things evolve or have the capacity to evolve

Question 9

response to stimuli

Answer 9

detect and respond to signals from their internal or external environment

Question 10

reproduction

Answer 10

sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 11

universal genetic code

Answer 11

directions for inheritance (DNA) is basically the same for all organisms

Question 12

levels of organization

Answer 12

chemical -> cellular -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

Question 13

tissues

Answer 13

groups of similar cells that share a common function; muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial

Question 14

organ

Answer 14

two or more tissues working together to accomplish a function

Question 15

stomach tissue ex.

Answer 15

nervous- production of acids that aid in digestion; signal full
epithelial- line the stomach
muscle- break up stomach contents
connective- blood and collagen in stomach wall

Question 16

organ systems

Answer 16

organs work in tandem to accomplish a complex function

Question 17

integumentary

Answer 17

skin, hair, nails (protective)

Question 18

muscular

Answer 18

move your bones

Question 19

skeletal

Answer 19

provide a frame to support and protect body parts

Question 20

cardiovascular

Answer 20

pumps blood through body

Question 21

respiratory

Answer 21

absorb oxygen, release CO2

Question 22

urinary

Answer 22

removes waste from blood, regulates body’s fluids

Question 23

reproductive (male)

Answer 23

produces and delivers sperm

Question 24

reproductive (female)

Answer 24

produces egg; nourishes and shelter unborn fetus

Question 25

nervous

Answer 25

receive and send electrical messages throughout the body

Question 26

lymphatic

Answer 26

returns leaked fluids to blood vessels; gets rid of germs

Question 27

digestive

Answer 27

breaks down food; absorbs nutrients

Question 28

endocrine

Answer 28

regulate body functions by sending out chemical messengers

Question 29

internal environment

Answer 29

determined by physiological variables: temp, pH, blood glucose, osmotic balance. blood O2/CO2, calcium

Question 30

feedback systems

Answer 30

monitor changes/maintain homeostasis 1. sensor: detect changes; signal control center 2. control center: sets range of values; signal effectors 3. effector: responds to signal to effect change

Question 31

homeostatic imbalances

Answer 31

disturbances in homeostasis; can lead to death or disease

Question 32

negative feedback loops

Answer 32

return regulated variables to within 'normal' range of values; reduce output, ends when returns to normal

Question 33

positive feedback loops

Answer 33

increase/reinforce initial stimulus on regulated variable; increases output to definitive cut-off point

Question 34

structure and function core principle

Answer 34

form follows function at all levels of organization

Question 35

gradient core principle

Answer 35

gradients drive physiology

Question 36

cell-cell communication core principle

Answer 36

cells are required to communicate to coordinate body functions

Question 37

chemical signaling

Answer 37

release of hormones/chemicals to communicate to adjacent or distant cells

Question 38

electrical signaling

Answer 38

nerve cells communicating directly with adjacent cells