Bacteriology

Question 1

Strep describes what characteristic of bacteria?

Answer 1

That it is chain-like or in a string

Question 2

A tetrad duplex is called what?

Answer 2

Sarcinae

Question 3

Staph describes what characteristic of bacteria?

Answer 3

clumped (like grapes)

Question 4

Coma shaped bacteria are called what?

Answer 4

vibrio

Question 5

Spirillum and Spirochetes are what shape?

Answer 5

spiral/corkscrew

Question 6

When both the host and bacteria benefit, what is the relationship?

Answer 6

Mutualistic symbiosis

Question 7

When the bacteria benefits but the host is unaffected, what is the relationship?

Answer 7

Commensalistic

Question 8

When a bacteria directly or indirectly (through toxins) affects the host, what is the relationship?

Answer 8

Pathogenic (disease)

Question 9

Bacteria that does not normally cause disease but can be pathogenic under some conditions are called what?

Answer 9

opportunistic/Pathobionts

Question 10

70s Ribosomes are typical of what organism?

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

What are the 4 phases of bacterial replication?

Answer 11

1-Lag phase
2-Log phase
3-Stationary phase
4-Death phase

Question 12

Toll like receptors bind to LPS on the cell wall which are referred to as what type of antigen?

Answer 12

O antigen

Question 13

Gram + bacteria have a ___________ peptidoglycan layer whereas gram - have a ______ peptidoglycan layer and two _________

Answer 13

Thick, Thin, membranes

Question 14

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species are examples of bacteria without what?

Answer 14

Cell wall (b-lactams are ineffective against this)

Question 15

What protein is used to build flagella?

Answer 15

Flagellin

Question 16

What filamentous adhesive organelle mediate contact between bacterial cells and other objects?

Answer 16

Pili (aka. fimbriae)

Question 17

What three things are type IV Pili used for?

Answer 17

1-Conjugation
2-DNA binding/uptake
3-Motility

Question 18

Protective layers of Polysaccharides on the bacterial surface are called what?

Answer 18

Capsules

Question 19

Opsonic antigens are made in response to what antigen found on capsules?

Answer 19

Antigen K

Question 20

Operons act on _____ sequence of DNA with _______ proteins.

Answer 20

1, many

Question 21

Regulons act on _______ sequences with ________ or _________ proteins

Answer 21

multiple, 1 or many

Question 22

Point mutations, gene duplication/deletion and chromosomal rearrangment are examples of what type of diversification?

Answer 22

Slow process

Question 23

Phase variation, Antigenic variation, Transformation, conjugation and transduction are all examples of what type of diversification?

Answer 23

Fast Process

Question 24

How do bacteria vary their surface antigens to avoid host immune response?

Answer 24

switching them on and off with varying frequencies

Question 25

Primarily used for subculturing, which agar type is made of 5% sheep red blood cells in a nutrient agar base?

Answer 25

Sheep Blood Agar (SBA)

Question 26

Clear, colorless zone around the bacterial colony on SBA is typical of what type of hemolysis?

Answer 26

Beta or complete hemolysis

Question 27

Partial destruction of RBCs with greenish to brown discolored media on SBA is what type of hemolysis?

Answer 27

Alpha hemolysis

Question 28

NO apparente hemolytic activity or discoloration of SBA is called what?

Answer 28

Gamma

Question 29

Chocolate agar plates have the blood added to the agar when it is still hot enough to lyse the sheep RBCs and supplies special growth requirements for what two fastidious organisms?

Answer 29

Haemophilus infuenzae and N. Gonorrhea

Question 30

Used primarily for isolating gram-positive organisms, what type of agar is 5% sheep red blood cells, colisitin and nalidixic acid to inhibit gram negative organisms?

Answer 30

Colisitin-nalidixic acid (CNA agar)

Question 31

Both selective and differential, which medium has a lactose indicator and is used for many gram-negative bacilli?

Answer 31

MacConkey Agar (MAC) *lactose fermenting gram-negativie bacilli are pink or red. non lactose fermenting are colorless

Question 32

Which medium is excellent for rapid growth of most organisms? (except Haemophilus, some neisseria and anaerobes)

Answer 32

Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB)

Question 33

Which medium was developed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation and contains vancomycin to inhibit gram (+), colisitin to inhibit gram (-), nystatin to inhibit yeast and trimethoprim lactate to inhibit proteus?

Answer 33

Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM)

Question 34

When serotyping bacteria, which antigen is flagellin?

Answer 34

Antigen H