Bio - 16.4

Question 1

6 parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 1

1. testes
2. scrotum
3. sperm duct
4. prostate gland
5. urethra
6. penis

Question 2

5 parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 2

1. ovaries
2. oviduct
3. uterus
4. cervix
5. vagina

Question 3

testes - function

Answer 3

• produce male gametes (sperm) & hormone testosterone

Question 4

scrotum - function

Answer 4

• sac that contains the testes outside the body to keep them slightly cooler than body temperature

Question 5

sperm duct - function

Answer 5

• tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra

Question 6

prostate gland - function

Answer 6

• organ that produces a nutritious fluid in which sperm are transported and protected

Question 7

urethra - function

Answer 7

• carries semen
• blocks urine flow during erection

Question 8

penis - function

Answer 8

• delivers sperm to the vagina

Question 9

ovaries - function

Answer 9

• organs that produce female gametes (eggs)

Question 10

oviduct - function

Answer 10

• tubes leading from the ovaries to the uterus

Question 11

uterus - function

Answer 11

• organ which the fetus develops before birth (womb)

Question 12

cervix - function

Answer 12

• narrow opening leading from the uterus to the vagina

Question 13

vagina - function

Answer 13

• opening from the uterus to the outside of the body

Question 14

fertilisation - process

Answer 14

egg is in oviduct => swept along by cilia lining & muscles of oviduct (gentle rippling movements) => sperm travels out of the penis into the vagina => muscles in the walls of the tubes containing the sperm contract rhythmically => sperm is squeezed along the tubes, out of the man’s urethra into the woman vagina

Question 15

3 adaptive features of a sperm

Answer 15

1. flagellum
2. mitochondria
3. enzyme in the acrosome

Question 16

flagellum - adaptive

Answer 16

• to help them swim

Question 17

mitochondria - adaptive

Answer 17

• to release energy for swimming

Question 18

acrosome - adaptive

Answer 18

• enzymes to dissolve a way through the jelly surround the egg cell

Question 19

2 adaptive features of an egg cell

Answer 19

1. energy stores
2. jelly coat that changes at fertilisation

Question 20

energy stores - adaptive

Answer 20

• contains energy for cell division & embryo development

Question 21

jelly coat - adaptive

Answer 21

• protects the egg
• changes after fertilisation
• prevents entry of other sperms

Question 22

implantation - process

Answer 22

1. ovulation
2. fertilisation
3. divides
4. embryo
5. implantation

Question 23

fertilisation - process

Answer 23

sperm is deposited into the vagina during sexual intercourse => the sperm swims through the cervix and uterus into the oviduct => one sperm cells penetrates the membrane of the cell => nuclues of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg => forming a zygote => zygotes contain full set of chromosomes

Question 24

implantation - definition

Answer 24

• attachment of the embryo to the lining of the uterus

Question 25

embryo - definition

Answer 25

- the balls of cells that is produced by repeated division of zygote

Question 26

stages leading to implantation (6)

Answer 26

1. ovulation 2. fertilisation 3. zygote divides 4. ball of cells are formed 5. embryo 6. implantation

Question 27

process of implantation

Answer 27

a mature follicle bursts => releases an egg into the oviduct => sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus => zygote formed => zygote divides => ball of cells formed => keeps dividing => moves down into oviduct => embryo => embryo sinks into uterus lining

Question 28

parts of the development of the fetus

Answer 28

1. umbilical cord 2. placenta 3. amniotic sac 4. amniotic fluid

Question 29

umbilical cord - definition

Answer 29

- structure containing blood vessels that connect the fetus to the placenta

Question 30

placenta - definition

Answer 30

- organ that connects fetus or mother - bloods are brought close together so materials can be exchanged between them

Question 31

amniotic sac - definition

Answer 31

- tough membrane that surrounds a developing fetus in the uterus

Question 32

amniotic fluid - definition

Answer 32

- liquid secreted by the amniotic sac - supports and protects the fetus

Question 33

placenta - blood

Answer 33

- oxygen & dissolved nutrients in mother blood diffuses across the placenta into the fetus blood - carried along the umbilical cord to the fetus - C02 and other excretory products diffuse in the other direction and a carried away by mothers blood - unwanted substances & pathogens (eg. toxins, alcohol) can cross as well

Question 34

male vs female - size

Answer 34

male : small female : large

Question 35

male vs female - structure

Answer 35

male => head, midpiece, tail (flagellum) => contains enzymes in the acrosome to penetrate egg female => spherical => cytoplasm stores food => jelly coat

Question 36

male vs female - mobility

Answer 36

male : mobile (uses tail) female : not mobile, moves by the action of the oviduct (cilia and muscles)

Question 37

male vs female - no produced

Answer 37

male : millions female : one released every month