Bio5

Question 1

Amino acids

Answer 1

Amino acids can be nonpolar, uncharged polar, positive (basic) or negative (acidic). Most living things use the same 20 amino acids, each made of an amino group (N terminus) and a carboxyl group (C terminus) on either side of a C and an R group. Their horizontal middle is the backbone.

Question 2

Proteins

Answer 2

Proteins are the most diverse group of molecules in the body. They function for structure, cell communication, carriers and motility. They are 20-33K amino acids liked by peptide bonds to make a polypeptide. The tertiary structure can be formed by covalent, electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions. The loss of these structures is denaturization, caused by pH or temprature changes. Some proteins have prosthetic groups, like heme.

Question 3

Carbs

Answer 3

Structural compounds that also function for cellular communication and energy storage. Also called saccharides, they can be linear, but to form the glycosidic bonds from condensation reactions they must cyclize, which they do in water. They are aldoses or ketoses, with all other carbons bonded to a hydroxyl. Starch has alpha 1,4 bonds and cellulose has beta 1,4 bonds. glycogen has alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6 bonds that make it branch. Glycogen stores energy in animals and

Question 4

Nucleic acids

Answer 4

Their structure is a ribose and nitrogenous base (nucleoside) with any number of phosphates. They store and transport information. They can replicate and are polymers of nucleotides.

Question 5

Structure of deoxyribose and ribose

Answer 5

Ribose has four carbons each bonded to an H and OH (except one which has a CH2OH) and an ether. Deoxyribose is the same but with no oxygen on carbon 2

Question 6

Acronym for redox reactions

Answer 6

LEOGER