Biochem - metabolism :)

Question 1

Rate determining step: glycolysis

Answer 1

PFK-1

Question 2

Rate determining step: Gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Question 3

Rate determining step: TCA cycle

Answer 3

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 4

Rate determining step: glyogenesis

Answer 4

glycogen synthase

Question 5

Rate determining step: glycogenolysis

Answer 5

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 6

Rate determining step: HMP shunt

Answer 6

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 7

Rate determining step: de novo pyrimadine synthesis

Answer 7

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II (CPS2)

Question 8

Rate determining step: de novo purine synthesis

Answer 8

glutamine PRPP amidotransferase

Question 9

Rate determining step: Urea cycle

Answer 9

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 10

Rate determining step: fatty acid synthesis

Answer 10

acetyl coa carboxylase

Question 11

Rate determining step: Fatty acid oxidation

Answer 11

Carnitine acyltransferase I

Question 12

Rate determining step: Ketogenesis

Answer 12

HMG CoA synthase

Question 13

Rate determining step: Cholesterol synthesis

Answer 13

HMG CoA reductase

Question 14

Gibbs free energy equation

Answer 14

delta G = deltaH - TdeltaS

Question 15

Drugs that inhibit complex I

Answer 15

rotenone
mPP
amytal

Question 16

Drugs that inhibit complex III

Answer 16

antimycin A

Question 17

Things that inhibit complex IV

Answer 17

CO
cyanide
sodium azide (N3-)
H2S

Question 18

Things that inhibit atp synthase (complex V)

Answer 18

oligomycin

Question 19

4 sites of HMP shunt existence

Answer 19

1) rbcs
2) mammary glands
3) liver
4) adrenal cortex

Question 20

fructokinase deficiency causes

Answer 20

essential fructosuria (not a big deal)

Question 21

aldolase B deficiency causes

Answer 21

fructose intolerance (bad)

Question 22

Rx for fructose intolerance

Answer 22

decrease intake of fructose and sucrose

Question 23

galactokinase deficiency

Answer 23

relatively mild, only symptom is infantile cataracts, maybe some failure to track objects/lack of social smile.

Question 24

absence of galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase

Answer 24

classic galactosemia
failure to thrive, jaundice, hepatomegaly, infantile catarcats, disability, E coli sepsis in neonates = severe symptoms soon after starting feeding

Question 25

Rx classic galactosemia

Answer 25

exclude galactose and lactose in diet

Question 26

lack of what enzyme can lead to sorbitol induced osmotic damage

Answer 26

sorbitol dehydrogenase

Question 27

what cells lack sorbitol dehydrogenase

Answer 27

lens, schwann cells, retina, kidneys

Question 28

acidic amino acids

Answer 28

aspartic acid and glutamic acid | negative at body pH

Question 29

basic amino acids

Answer 29

arginine, lysine, histidine | positive at body pH except histidine =no charge

Question 30

essential amino acids

Answer 30

PVT TIM HaLL ``` phenylalanine valine threonine tryptophan isoleucine lysine histidine leucine lysine ```

Question 31

ketogenic amino acids

Answer 31

leucine and lysine

Question 32

fatty acid oxidation (beta oxidation) location

Answer 32

mitochondria

Question 33

glycolysis location

Answer 33

cytosol

Question 34

acetyl-coa production location

Answer 34

mitochondria

Question 35

heme synthesis location

Answer 35

mitochondria and cytosol

Question 36

tca cycle location

Answer 36

mitchondria

Question 37

fatty acid synthesis location

Answer 37

cytosol

Question 38

urea cycle location

Answer 38

both mitochondria and cytosol

Question 39

oxidative phosphorylation location

Answer 39

mitochondria

Question 40

gluconeogenesis location

Answer 40

both mitochondria and cytosol

Question 41

HMP shunt location

Answer 41

cytoplasm

Question 42

protein syntehsis (RER) loctaion

Answer 42

cytoplasm

Question 43

ketogenesis location

Answer 43

mitochondria

Question 44

cholesterol syntehsis

Answer 44

cytoplasm

Question 45

steroid synthesis location

Answer 45

cytoplasm