repro

Question 1

ovaries lymph drainage

Answer 1

para aortic

Question 2

testes lymph drainage

Answer 2

para aortic

Question 3

vagina lymph drainage

Answer 3

superficial inguinal

Question 4

vulva lymph drainage

Answer 4

superficial inguinal

Question 5

scrotum lymph drainage

Answer 5

superficial inguinal

Question 6

proximal vagina lymph drainage

Answer 6

obturator/external iliac/hypogastric

Question 7

uterus lymph drainage

Answer 7

obturator/external iliac/hypogastric

Question 8

what ligament contains ovarian vessels

Answer 8

suspensory ligament (infundibulopelvic)

Question 9

what ligament contains uterine vessels

Answer 9

cardinal ligament

Question 10

what vessels are ligated during oopherectomy

Answer 10

ovarian vessels, contained in the suspensory ligament

Question 11

what ligament contains the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the round ligament of uterus

Answer 11

broad ligament

Question 12

what ligament is a derivative of gubernaculum?

Answer 12

round ligament and ovarian ligament

Question 13

what ligament connects labia majora to uterine fundus

Answer 13

round ligament

Question 14

most common area for cervical cancer

Answer 14

squamocolumnar junction (transition zone)`

Question 15

membranous urethra is prone to injury from what

Answer 15

pelvic fracture

Question 16

bulbar urethra is prone to injury from what

Answer 16

blunt force

Question 17

injury of the posterior urethra can cause urine to leak where

Answer 17

retropubic space

Question 18

what part of urethra is at risk of injury due to a straddle injury

Answer 18

anterior urethra

Question 19

if anterior urethra is injured, where will urine leak

Answer 19

beneath buck fascia (deep)

Question 20

if buck fascia is torn and there is urethral injury, where will urine leak

Answer 20

superficial perineal space

Question 21

what nerve causes erection

Answer 21

pelvic nerve

Question 22

what nerve causes penile emmision

Answer 22

hypogastric

Question 23

what nerve causes ejaculation

Answer 23

pudendal nerve

Question 24

remnant of mesonephric duct in females

Answer 24

gartner duct

Question 25

incomplete fusion of them mullerian ducts

Answer 25

bicornuate uterus

Question 26

complete failure of fusion

Answer 26

double uterus/vagina/cervic - pregnancy IS possible

Question 27

females with mullerian defects should undergo ultrasound to see if they have what abnormalities?

Answer 27

urologic (renal)

Question 28

failure of urethral folds to fuse

Answer 28

hypospadias

Question 29

faulty positioning of the genital tubercle

Answer 29

epispadias

Question 30

epispadias is associated with what other abnormality

Answer 30

bladder exstrophy

Question 31

hypospadias is associated with what other abnormliaties

Answer 31

inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism

Question 32

how do estrogen receptors work

Answer 32

expressed in cytoplasm and translocate to nucleus when bound by estrogen

Question 33

how does estrogen affect myometrial excitability

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

what enzyme does LH stimulate in females to produce estrogen

Answer 34

desmolase (produces androgens in theca cell from cholesterol)

Question 35

what hormone increases basal body temperature

Answer 35

progesterone

Question 36

precocious puberty is the development of sex characteristics before age what

Answer 36

7

Question 37

oligomenorrhea is a cycle how long

Answer 37

>35 days

Question 38

polymenorrhea is a cycle how long

Question 39

how long is luteal phase

Answer 39

14 days

Question 40

how long is follicular phase

Answer 40

varies

Question 41

what defines menorrhagia

Answer 41

heavy menstrual bleeding > 80 mL or >7 days

Question 42

ovulation occurs when

Answer 42

14 days before menses always

Question 43

what week does gastrulation occur

Answer 43

3

Question 44

what weeks are organogenesis

Answer 44

weeks 3-8, embryonic period

Question 45

when does the neural tube close by

Answer 45

week 4

Question 46

when do the upper and lower limb buds form

Answer 46

week 4

Question 47

when is fetal cardiac activity visible by transvaginal ultrasound

Answer 47

week 6

Question 48

when does the heart start to beat

Answer 48

week 4

Question 49

when can you sense fetal movement

Answer 49

week 8

Question 50

when does the fetus have male/female characteristics

Answer 50

week 10

Question 51

what is gastrulation

Answer 51

formation of trilaminar disc

Question 52

leading cause of intellectual disability in US

Answer 52

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 53

mechanism of abnormalities in fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 53

abnormal cell migration

Question 54

what secretes bhCG

Answer 54

snycytiotrophoblast

Question 55

dizygotic twins are always what

Answer 55

dichorionic and diamnionic

Question 56

twins that split between 0-4 days will be

Answer 56

dichorionic and diamnionic

Question 57

twins that split between 4-8 days

Answer 57

monochorionic and diamnionic

Question 58

twins that split between 8-12 days

Answer 58

monochorionic and diamnionic

Question 59

twins that split >13 days

Answer 59

conjoined; monochorionic and monoamnionic

Question 60

conjoined twins are most likely to be joined where

Answer 60

chest

Question 61

what stimulates corpus luteum to make progesterone in first trimester

Answer 61

beta HCG from syncytiotrophoblast

Question 62

syncytiotrophoblast lacks what to decrease attach by maternal immune system

Answer 62

MHC I

Question 63

what is the maternal part of placenta known as

Answer 63

decidua basalis

Question 64

umblical arteries and vein are derived from what

Answer 64

allantois

Question 65

urine discharge from umbilicus

Answer 65

failure of urachus to obliterate (patent urachus)

Question 66

urachus attaches what

Answer 66

umblicus to bladder

Question 67

urachal cysts can progress to what

Answer 67

infection and adenocarcinoma

Question 68

what week does the urachus turn into allantois

Answer 68

3

Question 69

what week does the vitelline duct obliterate

Answer 69

7

Question 70

vitelline duct connets what

Answer 70

yolk sac to midgut lumen

Question 71

meconium discharge from umblicus

Answer 71

vitelline fistula

Question 72

maxillary artery is a branch of what

Answer 72

external carotid

Question 73

1st aortic arch becomes

Answer 73

maxillary artery

Question 74

2nd aortic arch becomes

Answer 74

stapedial and hyoid arteries

Question 75

3rd aortic arch becomes

Answer 75

common carotid and proximal part of internal carotid

Question 76

4th aortic arch becomes

Answer 76

left: aortic arch right: subclavian artery

Question 77

5th aortic arch becomes:

Answer 77

degraded

Question 78

6th aortic arch becomes

Answer 78

pulmonary arteries and on the left, ductus arteriosus

Question 79

branchial cleft/grooves are derived from

Answer 79

ectoderm

Question 80

branchial arches are derived from

Answer 80

mesoderm and neural crest

Question 81

branchial pouches are derived from

Answer 81

endoderm

Question 82

first branchial cleft becomes

Answer 82

external auditory meatus

Question 83

2nd through 4th clefts become

Answer 83

temporary cervical sinuses, obliterated by proliferation of 2nd arch mesenchyme

Question 84

how does a persistent cervical sinus present

Answer 84

branchial cleft cyst within lateral neck

Question 85

polyhydramnios is how much amniotic fluid

Answer 85

1.5-2 or more

Question 86

oligohydramnios is how much amnionic fluid

Question 87

most common gynecological cancer worldwide

Answer 87

cervical

Question 88

most to least common gynecological cancer in US

Answer 88

endometrial > ovarian > cervical

Question 89

prognosis worst to best of gynecological cancer

Answer 89

ovarian > cervical > endometrial

Question 90

cancer from lower 1/3 of vagina spreads to what lymph nodes

Answer 90

inguinal

Question 91

cancer form upper 2/3 of vagina spreads to what lymph nodes

Answer 91

regional iliac nodes

Question 92

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma stain for what two immunohistochemicals

Answer 92

desmin and myogenin

Question 93

most common ovarian mass in young women

Answer 93

follicular cyst

Question 94

drug for prostate cancer and MOA

Answer 94

flutamide - nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor at androgen receptor

Question 95

drug for endometriosis

Answer 95

danazol

Question 96

danazol MOA

Answer 96

partial agonist at androgen and progesterone receptors (decreases LH and FSH)

Question 97

danazol side effects

Answer 97

hirsutism, virilazation (androgenic side effects)

Question 98

finasteride MOA

Answer 98

5 alpha reductase inhibitor

Question 99

anastrazole/exemestane MOA

Answer 99

aromatase inhibitors used in postmenopausal women with ER positive breast cancer

Question 100

side effects of tamoxifen

Answer 100

increased risk of thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer