GI

Question 1

common ending of H2 blockers

Answer 1

-dine

Question 2

cimetidine/ranitidine/famotidine/nizatidine MOA

Answer 2

H2 receptor blockers - reduce H2 secretion by parietal cells

Question 3

cimitidine side effects (3)

Answer 3

1) cyp 450 inhibitor
2) anti-androgen effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libido)
3) can cross bbb and placenta

Question 4

orlistat clinical use

Answer 4

weight loss

Question 5

orlistat MOA

Answer 5

inhibits gastric/pancreatic lipase –> decreases breakdown and absorption of dietary fats

Question 6

orlistat side effects

Answer 6

steatorrhea, decreased absoprtion of fat soluble vitamins

Question 7

metaclopramide use

Answer 7

diabetic and post surgery gastroparesis, antiemetic

Question 8

Metoclopromide MOA

Answer 8

D2 receptor antagonist. Increases resting tone contractility, LES tone, motility but does not affect transport time

Question 9

Metoclopramide side effects

Answer 9

increased parkinsonian effects (Tardive dyskinesia). Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea

Question 10

Metoclopramide has drug interactions with what drugs

Answer 10

diabetic agents and digoxin

Question 11

metoclopramide is contraindicated in what patients

Answer 11

patients with small bowel obstruction or parkinson disease (due to d1 receptor blockade)

Question 12

ondansetron MOA

Answer 12

5ht3 antagonist- decreases vagal stimulation

Question 13

ondansetron use

Answer 13

controls post-op vomiting, post-chemo vomiting, can help with travelers diarrhea/n/v

Question 14

ondansetron side effects

Answer 14

headache, constipation, qt interval prolonging

Question 15

sulfasalazine is a combination of what two things

Answer 15

sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)

Question 16

how is sulfasalazine activated

Answer 16

by gut flora

Question 17

sulfasalazine side effects

Answer 17

sulfa allergy, reversible oligospermia

Question 18

magnesium hydroxide moa

Answer 18

osmotic laxative

Question 19

magnesium citrate moa

Answer 19

osmotic laxative

Question 20

polyethylene glycol moa

Answer 20

osmotic laxative

Question 21

lactulose moa

Answer 21

osmotic laxative

Question 22

how does lactulose help with hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 22

gut flora degrade lactulose into metabolites (lactic acid and acetic acid) that promotes nitrogen excretion as NH4+.

Question 23

osmotic laxactives clinical use

Answer 23

constipation

Question 24

antacids can cause what electrolyte abnormality

Answer 24

hypokalemia

Question 25

aluminum hydroxide side effects

Answer 25

constipation, hypophosphatemia, proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures (aluminimum of feces)

Question 26

calcium carbonate side effects

Answer 26

hypercalcemia, high rebound acid | can chelate and decrease effectiveness of other drugs (ex. tetracyclines)

Question 27

magnesium hydroxide side effects

Answer 27

diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest | must go = mg

Question 28

octreotide MOA

Answer 28

long acting somatostatin analog - inhibits actions of many vasodilatory hormones (causes vasoconstriction)

Question 29

misoprostol MOA

Answer 29

PGE1 analog - increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier. decreases gastric acid production

Question 30

misoprostol is contraindicated in who

Answer 30

women of childbearing potential - abortifacient

Question 31

PPIs cause increased risk of what infections

Answer 31

c. diff

Question 32

bismuth moa

Answer 32

binds to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

Question 33

PPI moa

Answer 33

irreversibly inhibit H/K atpase in stomach pareital cells

Question 34

PPIs affect what electrolyte with long term use

Answer 34

decrease serum magnesium