msk anatomy Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
what spinal cord segments are the rotator cuff muscles innervated by?
A
C5-C6
2
Q
what are the rotator cuff muscles
A
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
3
Q
what is the most common rotator cuff injury
A
supraspinatus
4
Q
What rotator cuff muscle is injured in a pitching injury and what nerve innervates this muscle
A
infraspinatus muscle
suprascapular nerve
5
Q
supraspinatus muscle action
A
abducts arm initially (then deltoid abducts)
6
Q
infraspinatus muscle action
A
laterally rotates arm
7
Q
teres minor muscle action
A
adducts and laterally rotates
8
Q
subscapularis muscle action
A
medially rotates arm and adducts arm
9
Q
empty/cull can test
A
supraspinatus
10
Q
supraspinatus is innervated by:
A
suprascapular nerve
11
Q
infraspinatus is innervated by
A
suprascapular nerve
12
Q
teres minor is innervated by
A
axillary nerve
13
Q
subscapular muscle is innervated by
A
upper and lower subscapular nerves
14
Q
repetitive flexion of elbow
A
golfers elbow = medial epicondylitis
15
Q
repetitive extension of elbow
A
tennis elbow = lateral epicondylitis
16
Q
golfers elbow
A
medial epicondylitis - forehand shots = flexion
17
Q
tennis elbow
A
lateral epicondylitis - backhand shots = extension
18
Q
most commonly fractured carpal bone
A
scaphoid
19
Q
what wrist bone is prone to avascular necrosis?
A
scaphoid
20
Q
why is the scaphoid bone prone to avascular necrosis?
A
retrograde blood supply from radial artery
21
Q
A fall on an outstretched hand that damages the hook of the hamate can cause what nerve injury?
A
ulnar
22
Q
ulnar nerve injury can be caused by injuring what bone?
A
hook of the hamage
23
Q
dislocation of what bone can cause acute carpal tunnel?
A
dislocation of lunate
24
Q
guyon canal syndrome is compression of what nerve?
A
ulnar nerve in write or hand
25
what four states is carpal tunnel associated with?
pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, repeated use
26
what nerve is carpal tunnel associatd with
median nerve
27
what ligament encloses carpal tunnel
transverse carpal ligament
28
what entrapment is seen in cyclists and why
ulnar nerve - guyon canal syndrome = due to pressure from handlebars
29
fracturing the surgical neck of the humerus can damage what nerve
axillary
30
anterior dislocation of humerus can cause damage of what nerve
axillary
31
what spinal nerves correlate with axillary nerve
C5-C6
32
Flattened deltoid
axillary nerve injury
33
Axillary nerve is associated with what muscle
deltoid
34
Loss of arm abduction at shoulder > 15 degrees is a finding in what nerve injury
axillary
35
loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm
axillary nerve damage
36
musculocutaneous nerve comes from what two spinal nerves
C5-C7
37
upper trunk compression causes what nerve injury
musculocutaneous
38
Musculocutaneous nerve is associated with what muscle
biceps
39
loss of forearm flexion
musculocutaneous
40
loss of forearm supination
musculocutaneous
41
Loss of sensation over lateral forearm
musculocutaneous
42
Radial nerve is associated with what spinal nerves
C5-T1
43
Midshaft fracture of humerus
radial nerve injury
44
compression of axilla - crutches, sleeping with arm over chair
radial nerve injury
45
radial head subluxation (nursemaids elbow) is an injury where and damages what nerve
lateral epicondyle, can damage radial nerve
46
loss of elbow, wrist and finger extension (WRIST DROP)
RADIAL NERVE
47
loss of sensation over posterior arm / forearm and dorsal hand
radial arm
48
decreased grip strength
radial nerve
49
radial nerve is associated with what muscles
wrist extensors
50
supracondylar fracture of humerus
median nerve injury
51
median nerve is associated with what spinal nerves
C5-T1
52
wrist laceration
median nerve injury
53
loss of wrist flexion
median nerve injury, ulnar nerve injury
54
loss of flexion of lateral fingers
median nerve injury
55
loss of sensation over thenar eminence and dorsal/palmar aspects of lateral 3 and a half fingers
median nerve injury
56
Tinel sign
tingling on percussion
| - sign for carpal tunnel
57
sign for carpal tunnel
tinel sign - tingling on percussion
58
fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar nerve lesion
59
radial deviation of wrist upon flexion
ulnar nerve lesion
60
ulnar nerve is made from what spinal nerves
C8-T1
61
what nerve is affected in the "funny bone"
ulnar nerve
62
loss of sensation over hypothenar eminence and medial 1 and a half fingers
ulnar nerve injury
63
superficial laceration of palm
recurrent branch of median nerve
64
recurrent branch of median nerve = what spinal nerves
C5-T1
65
loss of thenar muscle group (opposition abduction flexion of thumb)
recurrent branch of median nerve lesion
66
the only upper extremity nerve with only motor loss but no sensation loss
recurrent branch of the median nerve
67
job of lumbricals
flexion at MCP
| extension of DIP and PIP
68
obturator nerve comes from what spinal nerves
L2-L4
69
pelvic surgery can damage what nerve
obturator nerve
70
decreased medial thigh sensation
obturator nerve
71
decreased thigh adduction
obturator nerve
72
decreased thigh flexion
femoral
73
femoral nerve comes from what spinal nerves
L2-L4
74
Decreased leg (not hip) extension
femoral nerve
75
trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg
common peroneal nerve (fibular)
76
fibular neck fracture
common peroneal (fibular)
77
common peroneal nerve spinal levels
L4-S2
78
loss of sensation on the dorsum of the foot
common peroneal
79
loss of eversion and dorsiflexion
common peroneal
80
foot drop (inverted and plantar flexed at rest)
common peroneal
81
tibial nerve spinal nerve levels
L4-S3
82
knee trauma
tibial
83
baker cyst
tibial = proximal
84
tarsal tunnel syndrome
tibial = distal
85
inability to curl toes
tibial
86
loss of sensation on sole of foot
tibial
87
loss of inversion and plantarflexion
proximal tibial
88
superior gluteal spinal nerve
L4-S1
89
Inferior gluteal spinal nerve
L5-S2
90
iatrogenic injury during intramuscular injury to upper medial gluteal region
superior gluteal
91
superior gluteal injury can happen with injection to what quadrant of the glutesss
upper medial gluteal region
92
primary abductors of the hip
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
93
adductors of the hip
adductor magnus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
(MLB)
94
hip flexors
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
tensor fascae latae
95
hip extension
gluteus maximus
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
mbss
96
trandelenburg sign
pelvis tilts because weight bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction
superior gluteal nerve injury
97
posterior hip dislocation
inferior gluteal nerve
98
difficulty climbing stairs
inferior gluteal
99
difficulty rising from seated position
inferior gluteal
100
loss of hip extension
inferior gluteal
101
inferior gluteal nerve innervates what muscle
gluteus maximus
102
superior gluteal nerve innervates what muscles
gluteus medius and minimus
103
what nerve innervates the posterior thigh
sciatic nerve
104
what nerve innervates the perineum
pudendal
105
what nerve is blocked during childbirth
pudendal
106
what is the landmark for finding the pudendal nerve
ischial spine
107
where do intervertebral disks generally herniate and why?
posterolaterally because os the thin posterior longitudinal ligament vs. thicker anterior longitudinal ligament along midline of vertebral bodies
108
decreased patellar reflex means what nerves are impinged
L3-L4
109
weakness of knee reflex means what nerves are impinged
L3-L4
110
weakness of dorsiflexion means what nerves are impinged
L4-L5
111
difficulty in heel-walking means what nerves are impinged
L4-L5
112
weakness of plantar flexion means what nerves are impinged
L5-S1
113
difficulty in toe walking means what nerves are impinged
L5-S1
114
decreased achilles reflex means what nerves are impinged
L5-S1
115
long thoracic nerve is paired with what artery
lateral thoracic artery
116
lateral thoracic artery is paired with what nerve
long thoracic nerve
117
axillary nerve is paired with what artery
posterior circumflex artery
118
posterior circumflex artery is paired with what nerve
axillary nerve
119
radial nerve is paired with what artery
deep brachial artery
120
deep brachial artery is paired with what nerve
radial nerve
121
median nerve is paired with what artery
brachial artery
122
brachial artery is paired with what nerve
median nerve
123
tibial nerve is paired with what artery in the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
124
popliteal artery is paired with what nerve
tibial nerve
125
tibial nerve is paired with what artery posterior to the medial malleolus
posterior tibial artery
126
posterior tibial artery is paired with what nerve
tibial nerve
