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Biochemistry > Biochemistry terminology (additional vocab) > Flashcards

Biochemistry terminology (additional vocab) Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrate

A

polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or a substance that can be hydrolyzed to a polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones

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2
Q

CHO

A

carbs composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

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3
Q

monosaccharide

A

a carb composed of 1 sugar unit

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4
Q

dissacharide

A

a carb composed of 2 sugar units

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5
Q

Oligosaccharide

A

a carb composed of 3-10 sugar units

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6
Q

Polysaccharide

A

a carb composed of more than 10 sugar units

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7
Q

Triose

A

a sugar (monosaccharide) with 3 carbon atoms

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8
Q

Tetrose

A

a sugar has 4 carbon atoms

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9
Q

Pentose

A

a sugar has 5 carbon atoms

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10
Q

Hexose

A

a sugar with 6 carbon atoms

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11
Q

Aldose

A

a sugar containing an aldehyde group

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12
Q

Ketose

A

a sugar containing a keto group

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13
Q

Asymmetric C atom

A

the carbon atom in which 4 diff. groups or atoms are attached

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14
Q

Optical activity

A

the ability of a substance to rotate plane- polarized light either to the left or right

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15
Q

Enantiomers

A

a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other

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16
Q

Epimers

A

2 isomers with diff. configurations of atoms around 1 of several asymmetric carbon atoms present

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17
Q

Anomers

A

is a special type of epimer that differs only in its configuration at the anomeric carbon

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18
Q

Stereochemistry

A

a subdiscipline of chemistry involving the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules

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19
Q

Chiral molecule

A

a molecule that have a least 1 asymmetric carbon atom

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20
Q

glycosidic bond

A

the bond between a carb and another compound (CHO or non CHO) to form a complex carb

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21
Q

Invert sugar

A

a sugar that contains equal number of both glucose and fructose molecule (unbound, mixture)

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22
Q

TAG

A

triacylglycerol

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23
Q

TG

A

triglyceride

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24
Q

FA

A

fatty acid

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25
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein

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26
Q

VLDL

A

very low density lipoprotein

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27
Q

IDL

A

intermediate density lipoprotein

28
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein

29
Q

eicosanoids 2

A

cyclic compounds derived from arachidnoic acid (eicosa, 20 carbons) after cyclization of its carbons chain to form a ring

30
Q

Steroids

A

a group of compounds that contains a ring called cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring

31
Q

aa

A

amino acid

32
Q

amphoteric

A

capability of a molecule to behave as both an acid and base

33
Q

Zwitterion

A

a molecule or ion having separated positively and negatively charged groups ( electrically neutral)

34
Q

Peptides

A

short polymers of amino acids formed of less than 50 amino acids

35
Q

peptide bonds

A

the bond between an amino acid and another amino acid to form a peptide chain

36
Q

Purine/pyrimidine

A

nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds whose rings contain both carbon and other elements (hetero atoms)

37
Q 
A
G
C
T
U
A 
adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine
uracil
38
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

39
Q

GTP

A

guanosine triphosphate

40
Q

UTP

A

uridine triphosphate

41
Q

CTP

A

cytidine triphosphate

42
Q

TTP

A

thymidine triphosphate

43
Q

ADP

A

adenosine diphosphate

44
Q

AMP

A

adenosine monophosphate

45
Q

cAMP

A

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

46
Q

FMN

A

flavin mononucleotide

47
Q

FAD

A

flavin adenine dinucleotide

48
Q

NAD

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

49
Q

NADP

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

50
Q

nucleoside

A

composed of nitrogenous base and sugar

51
Q

nucleotide

A

composed of nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate group

52
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

53
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid

54
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA

55
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA

56
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA

57
Q

Central dogma

A

the flow of the genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein

58
Q

Catalysts

A

organic or inorganic substances that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions

59
Q

Enzymes

A

specific protein catalysts that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions

60
Q

Substrate

A

the substance upon which the enzyme acts

61
Q

Holoenzyme

A

the enzyme that is a conjugated protein in its nature (composed of protein and non-protein parts)

62
Q

Apoenzyme

A

the protein part of the holoenzyme

63
Q

Cofactor

A

the non-protein part of the holoenzyme that is required for the activity

64
Q

Coenzymes

A

small organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis, bind to the active site of the enzyme and participate in catalysis

65
Q

Zymogen

A

the inactive enzyme precursor

Biochemistry (25 decks)

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