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Biochemistry > Introduction to Biochemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the father of modern ‘biochemistry’?

A

Carl Neuberg (German), 1903

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2
Q

What is biochemistry?

A

A branch of life science which deals with the study of biochemical reactions and processes occurring in living cells of organisms

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3
Q

What are the branches of biochemistry?

A

medical biochemistry

clinical biochemistry

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4
Q

Medical Biochemistry:

A

deals with the chemical basis of the human body

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5
Q

Clinical Biochemistry:

A

deals with clinical diseases/pathological conditions of the human body

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6
Q

What does clinical biochemistry support?

A

diagnosis, therapy and research of the medical field

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7
Q

What other life sciences does biochemistry relate to?

A

oncology , microbiology , immunology , medicine & physiology , biology , pharmacology, genetics, pathology, agriculture

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8
Q

What are the areas biochemistry can be divided into?

A

Conformational
informational
metabolism
CIM

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9
Q

Conformational:

A

structure and 3D arrangements of biomolecules

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10
Q

Metabolism:

A

energy production and utilization

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11
Q

Informational:

A

language for communication inside and between cells

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12
Q

Bioenergetics

A

the study of energy flow in cells

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13
Q

Name 2 notable breakthroughs of biochemistry

A
  1. discovery of the role of enzymes as catalysts

2. identification of nucleic acids as information molecules

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14
Q

The flow of information from nucleic acids to proteins

A

DNA , RNA , protein

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15
Q

Name some of the biochemical constituents of the cell

A 
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
vitamins
minerals 
water
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15
Q

Name some of the biochemical constituents of the cell

A 
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
vitamins
minerals 
water
16
Q

What are polymers made up of?

A

single units called monomers

17
Q

Each type of macro-molecule is an assemblage of

A

a different type of monomer

18
Q 
Give the monomer of each marcromolecule:
Carbs (poly/disaccharide):
Lipids (di/triglycerides)
Proteins (polypeptides)
Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
A

monosaccharide
glycerol and fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides

19
Q

A building block to a macromolecule is an example of

A

an anabolic reaction

20
Q

A macromolecule to a building block is an example of

A

a catabolic reaction

21
Q 
Give the macromolecule for each building block:
Simple sugar
Amino Acid
Nucleotide
Fatty Acid
A

Polysaccharide
Protein (peptide)
RNA or DNA
Lipid

22
Q

What are 3 ways biochemistry has helped us?

A
  1. The elucidation (clarification) of molecular causes of 1000s of diseases; sickle cell, inborn errors of metabolism, etc.
  2. nutrition & maintaining a balanced diet
  3. disease diagnosis
23
Q

Vitamin C deficiency can cause what disease?

A

Scurvy

24
Q

What are deficiency symptoms of scurvy?

A 
Skin discoloration & bruising 
Hemorrhaging
Anemia
Dental issues
Exhaustion/fatigue
Swelling of joints (edema)
25
Q

How does scurvy affect a person’s dental health?

A

loosened teeth and bleeding/ulcerated gums

26
Q

What is gout?

A

a complex form of arthritis that is fairly common

27
Q

Symptoms of Gout include:

SSRT

A
  1. sudden/severe attacks of pain
  2. swelling
  3. redness and tenderness in 1 or more joints, usually the big toe
28
Q

Symptoms of selenium deficiency include:

WIMFH

A 
weakened immune system
infertility in men & women
muscle weakness
fatigue/mental fog
hair loss
29
Q

Clinical features of Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1 are:

SICKFH

A
  1. short stature - delayed puberty
  2. IBS
  3. chronic renal disease
  4. kidney and liver enlargement
  5. fasting hypoglycemia
  6. hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia
30
Q

What do biochemists look at?

A 
the atomic level
the structural level
the cellular level
the role of the cell in the organism 
-communication:  cell to cell or biomolecule to biomolecule
metabolic coordination
31
Q

What is the goal of studying biochemistry?

SOFLOM

A

to describe the structure, organization, and function of living organisms in molecular terms

32
Q

In order to understand life on the molecular life you must have:

A
  • chemical structures of the biomolecules
  • biological function of the molecules
  • understanding of bioenergetics
33
Q

What are the 6 most important elements of life?

COPSNH

A
  1. carbon
  2. hydrogen
  3. nitrogen
  4. oxygen
  5. sulfur
  6. phosphorus
34
Q

Define monomer.

A

a molecule of any class of compounds, mostly organic, that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers

35
Q

What are the functions of water in the body?

A
  • regulates the body temperature through perspiration
  • moistens tissues in the eyes, nose, and mouth
  • prevents constipation by moving food through the intestines
  • carries nutrients and oxygen to cells
  • helps dissolves minerals and nutrients to make them accessible to your body
  • lubricates joints

Biochemistry (25 decks)

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