Introduction to Biochemistry

Question 1

Who was the father of modern ‘biochemistry’?

Answer 1

Carl Neuberg (German), 1903

Question 2

What is biochemistry?

Answer 2

A branch of life science which deals with the study of biochemical reactions and processes occurring in living cells of organisms

Question 3

What are the branches of biochemistry?

Answer 3

medical biochemistry

clinical biochemistry

Question 4

Medical Biochemistry:

Answer 4

deals with the chemical basis of the human body

Question 5

Clinical Biochemistry:

Answer 5

deals with clinical diseases/pathological conditions of the human body

Question 6

What does clinical biochemistry support?

Answer 6

diagnosis, therapy and research of the medical field

Question 7

What other life sciences does biochemistry relate to?

Answer 7

oncology , microbiology , immunology , medicine & physiology , biology , pharmacology, genetics, pathology, agriculture

Question 8

What are the areas biochemistry can be divided into?

Answer 8

Conformational
informational
metabolism
CIM

Question 9

Conformational:

Answer 9

structure and 3D arrangements of biomolecules

Question 10

Metabolism:

Answer 10

energy production and utilization

Question 11

Informational:

Answer 11

language for communication inside and between cells

Question 12

Bioenergetics

Answer 12

the study of energy flow in cells

Question 13

Name 2 notable breakthroughs of biochemistry

Answer 13

1. discovery of the role of enzymes as catalysts

2. identification of nucleic acids as information molecules

Question 14

The flow of information from nucleic acids to proteins

Answer 14

DNA , RNA , protein

Question 15

Name some of the biochemical constituents of the cell

Answer 15

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
vitamins
minerals 
water

Question 15

Name some of the biochemical constituents of the cell

Answer 15

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
vitamins
minerals 
water

Question 16

What are polymers made up of?

Answer 16

single units called monomers

Question 17

Each type of macro-molecule is an assemblage of

Answer 17

a different type of monomer

Question 18

Give the monomer of each marcromolecule:
Carbs (poly/disaccharide):
Lipids (di/triglycerides)
Proteins (polypeptides)
Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)

Answer 18

monosaccharide
glycerol and fatty acids
amino acids
nucleotides

Question 19

A building block to a macromolecule is an example of

Answer 19

an anabolic reaction

Question 20

A macromolecule to a building block is an example of

Answer 20

a catabolic reaction

Question 21

Give the macromolecule for each building block:
Simple sugar
Amino Acid
Nucleotide
Fatty Acid

Answer 21

Polysaccharide
Protein (peptide)
RNA or DNA
Lipid

Question 22

What are 3 ways biochemistry has helped us?

Answer 22

1. The elucidation (clarification) of molecular causes of 1000s of diseases; sickle cell, inborn errors of metabolism, etc.
2. nutrition & maintaining a balanced diet
3. disease diagnosis

Question 23

Vitamin C deficiency can cause what disease?

Answer 23

Scurvy

Question 24

What are deficiency symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 24

``` Skin discoloration & bruising Hemorrhaging Anemia Dental issues Exhaustion/fatigue Swelling of joints (edema) ```

Question 25

How does scurvy affect a person's dental health?

Answer 25

loosened teeth and bleeding/ulcerated gums

Question 26

What is gout?

Answer 26

a complex form of arthritis that is fairly common

Question 27

Symptoms of Gout include: | SSRT

Answer 27

1. sudden/severe attacks of pain 2. swelling 3. redness and tenderness in 1 or more joints, usually the big toe

Question 28

Symptoms of selenium deficiency include: | WIMFH

Answer 28

``` weakened immune system infertility in men & women muscle weakness fatigue/mental fog hair loss ```

Question 29

Clinical features of Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1 are: | SICKFH

Answer 29

1. short stature - delayed puberty 2. IBS 3. chronic renal disease 4. kidney and liver enlargement 5. fasting hypoglycemia 6. hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia

Question 30

What do biochemists look at?

Answer 30

``` the atomic level the structural level the cellular level the role of the cell in the organism -communication: cell to cell or biomolecule to biomolecule metabolic coordination ```

Question 31

What is the goal of studying biochemistry? | SOFLOM

Answer 31

to describe the structure, organization, and function of living organisms in molecular terms

Question 32

In order to understand life on the molecular life you must have:

Answer 32

- chemical structures of the biomolecules - biological function of the molecules - understanding of bioenergetics

Question 33

What are the 6 most important elements of life? | COPSNH

Answer 33

1. carbon 2. hydrogen 3. nitrogen 4. oxygen 5. sulfur 6. phosphorus

Question 34

Define monomer.

Answer 34

a molecule of any class of compounds, mostly organic, that can react with other molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers

Question 35

What are the functions of water in the body?

Answer 35

- regulates the body temperature through perspiration - moistens tissues in the eyes, nose, and mouth - prevents constipation by moving food through the intestines - carries nutrients and oxygen to cells - helps dissolves minerals and nutrients to make them accessible to your body - lubricates joints