Biomembranes

Question 1

average amount of body water

Answer 1

65%

Question 2

how is body weight different in obese people

Answer 2

lower percentage of body weight as water

Question 3

ICF is how much of body weight

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

ECF is how much of total body weight

Answer 4

20%

Question 5

what are the 2 components of ECF

Answer 5

interstitial fluid

plasma

Question 6

What is the main cation of ECF

Answer 6

Na+

Question 7

what are the main anions of ECF

Answer 7

Cl- and HCO3-

Question 8

what is the main cation of ICF

Answer 8

K+

Question 9

what are the main anions of ICF

Answer 9

proteins and phosphate

Question 10

where are integral membrane proteins

Answer 10

imbedded in the membrane

Question 11

where are peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 11

inner or outer face of membrane

Question 12

where are carbohydatres located on membrane

Answer 12

extracellular face and luminal side of endoplasmic reticulum/golgi membranes

Question 13

what is the amount of protein and lipid in most membranes

Answer 13

50/50

Question 14

how much protein is the innermitocondrial membrane

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

how much protein is the myelin

Answer 15

20%

Question 16

structure o fmembrane lipids

Answer 16

polar head and hydrophoic tail

Question 17

what are the most abundant membrane lipids

Answer 17

glycerophospholipids

Question 18

phosphatidylinositol

Answer 18

a phosphoglyceride form which important signaling molecules are derived

Question 19

plasmalogens

Answer 19

phosphoglycerides with ether linkage

Question 20

plasmalogens are important where

Answer 20

myelin sheath

Question 21

where are plasmmalogens synthesized

Answer 21

peroxisomes

Question 22

what is Zellwger syndrome caused by

Answer 22

failure to produce functioanl peroxisomes

Question 23

what are the symptoms of Zellweger syndrome

Answer 23

hypotonic
high forehead
flat broad nasal bridge
micrognathia

Question 24

micrognathia

Answer 24

underdevelopment of jaw

Question 25

what are sphingolipids dervied from

Answer 25

long chain alcohol sphingosine

Question 26

what does sphingomyelin codntain

Answer 26

sphingosine, fatty acyl group, phosphorylcholine

Question 27

phase transition

Answer 27

bilayer chaing from fluid to rigid form at specific temp

Question 28

phase transition temperature is lowered by the presence of what

Answer 28

short chain fatty acyl groups cis-double bonds cholesterol

Question 29

function of cholesterol

Answer 29

can both incrase and decrease fluidity

Question 30

at body temp what does cholesterol do

Answer 30

limits fluidity

Question 31

at reduced temp what does cholesterol do

Answer 31

maintain fluidity

Question 32

integral membrane proteins

Answer 32

contain 1 or more hydrophobic regions that pass through the lipid bilayer

Question 33

what do integral membrane proteins usually form

Answer 33

alpha helix

Question 34

example of integraph membrane protein

Answer 34

glycophorin

Question 35

how do peripheral membrane proteins attach

Answer 35

electrostatic interactions covalently attach attach to phosphatidylinositol interact with intergral membrane proteins

Question 36

what are the 3 classes of transport protein that allow passage of material into and out of cell

Answer 36

channela nd pore facilitated trasnproted active trasnport

Question 37

pores

Answer 37

openings that are non-specific

Question 38

channels

Answer 38

specific for particular ions

Question 39

gap junctions all for waht

Answer 39

movement of small molecules between 2 adjacent cells

Question 40

connexon

Answer 40

penetrate lipid bilayer

Question 41

how many subunits are there is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Answer 41

5 - 2 alpha, 1 beta, gamma, and delta

Question 42

how is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor specific

Answer 42

size of opening and presence of neg charged amino acid side chains in the opening

Question 43

how do alpha neurotoxins cause paralysis

Answer 43

blocking the actino of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 44

what does facilitated diffusion show

Answer 44

saturation kinetics

Question 45

what is the biggest user of ATP when you are at rest

Answer 45

Na+/K+ATPase

Question 46

what triggers the conformation change in Na+/K+ATPase

Answer 46

phosphorylatuion

Question 47

what does digitalis do

Answer 47

inhibits Na+?K+ATPase

Question 48

how does digitalis affect the heart

Answer 48

incrases intensty of heart muscle contraction, but decreases rate

Question 49

what drives transport in secondary active transport

Answer 49

energy of electrocehmical ion gradents

Question 50

symport

Answer 50

2 things going in or out

Question 51

antiport

Answer 51

1 thing going in ,1 thing going out