ETC

Question 1

what is the major ATP generating organelle in the cell

Answer 1

mitochondrion

Question 2

inner membrane of mitochondria sturcture

Answer 2

highly invaginated, high surface area

Question 3

mitochondrial matrix

Answer 3

internal soluble compartment of the mitochondrion, bounded by inner membrane

Question 4

what is the out membrane composed of

Answer 4

half protein, half lipis

Question 5

what is inner membrane composed of

Answer 5

80% protein, 20% lipid

Question 6

outer membrane permeability

Answer 6

highly permeable

Question 7

inner membrane permeability

Answer 7

less permeable

Question 8

what does the matrix contain

Answer 8

soluble enzyme system, PDH complex, enzymes for fatty acid beta oxiation, some urea cycle enzymes

Question 9

ETs

Answer 9

series of chain of electron carries in inner mitochondrial membrane that funnel electrons from reduced substrates to molecule oxygen to form water

Question 10

what happes to free energy in ETS

Answer 10

loses free energy

Question 11

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 11

coupling of oxidation of metabolic substrates by ETS to phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

Question 12

What proteins are in the ETS

Answer 12

dehydrogenases, iron containing proteins, nonheme-iron proteins

Question 13

what lipids are in the ETS

Answer 13

coenzyme Q

Question 14

what are the dehydrogenases of the ETS

Answer 14

succinate dehydrogenase, NADH dehydrogenase, fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogase, glycerol 2 phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 15

function of NADH dehydrogase

Answer 15

oxidizes NADH to NAD+

Question 16

function of fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

Answer 16

catalyzes the intiral step in beta oxidation of fatty acids

Question 17

what are the iron contain proteins in ETS

Answer 17

cytochromes

Question 18

waht is uniwue about the iron of cytochromes

Answer 18

undergoes fluctuation between teh reduced and oxidized state (Fe2+, Fe3+)

Question 19

what are the nonheme iron proteins in ETS

Answer 19

they contain irson complexed to sulfide ions

Question 20

complex I

Answer 20

NADH-CoA reductase

Question 21

Comples II

Answer 21

succinate CoQ-reductase

Question 22

Complex III

Answer 22

CoQH2 cytochrome c reductase

Question 23

complex IV

Answer 23

cytochrome oxidase

Question 24

what are inhbitors of complex IV

Answer 24

cyanide CO

Question 25

which complex contains Cu that flucates between Cu2+ and Cu3+

Answer 25

complex IV

Question 26

which complexes yield ATP

Answer 26

I, III, IV

Question 27

the amount of energy liberated via ETS would form how many ATPs under standard conditions

Answer 27

7

Question 28

chemiosmotic model

Answer 28

free energy derived from ETS direces active transport system that pumps H+ out of mitochondrial matrix, establishing electrochemical gradient

Question 29

what are the sites of proton pumping in the ETS

Answer 29

I, III, IV

Question 30

what is complex V

Answer 30

ATP synthase, couples the re-entry of protons to the synthesis of ATP

Question 31

what is the F0 unit

Answer 31

multisubunit, transmembrane complex that forms a proton channel through the membrane

Question 32

what is the F1 component

Answer 32

multisubunit structure that extends into the matrix and forms the catalytic moiety invovled in the actual synthesis of ATP from ADP+Pi

Question 33

function of uncouplers of ox phos

Answer 33

provide an alternate froute for re-entery of protons to mitochondral matrix

Question 34

examples of uncoupler of ox phos

Answer 34

DNP

Question 35

where is brown fat

Answer 35

hibernating animals, newborns

Question 36

what is uniwue about brown fat

Answer 36

contains mitochondria that have biological uncouplign protein, helps the organism stay warm

Question 37

how does ATP get to cytosaol

Answer 37

adenine nucleotide translocase that exchanges ATP for ADP

Question 38

what inhibits adenine nucleotide translocase

Answer 38

atractyloside

Question 39

symptoms of LHON

Answer 39

sudden onsite blindness in young adults due to death of optic nerve

Question 40

what is LHON due to

Answer 40

mutation in complex I

Question 41

MERRF is caused by

Answer 41

point mutaiton in mitochondrial gene for lysin tRNA

Question 42

symptoms of MERRF

Answer 42

myoclonus and ataxia with generalized seizures

Question 43

symptoms of MELAS

Answer 43

muscle has ragged red ribers, but cytochrome oxidase is near normal

Question 44

what is MELAS caused by

Answer 44

point mutation in gene for leucine tRNA

Question 45

what does DNP do

Answer 45

uncoupling of ox phos