Carbs III

Question 1

where does gluconeogensis take place

Answer 1

mosly liver, but in starvation it can happen in kidney

Question 2

what are the most important precurosrs for gluconeogensis

Answer 2

lactate, amino acids, glycerol

Question 3

can the bulk of fatty acids be converted into glucose?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what is the main regulated step of gluconeogensis

Answer 4

fructose 1,6 bisphophate

Question 5

what are the regulation steps that are unique reactions to glucneogesis

Answer 5

formation of PEP, dephosphoryaltion of fructose, 1,6 bisphohate and dephorphorylation of glucose 6 phosphate

Question 6

general affect of insulin

Answer 6

represses gluconeoglesis

Question 7

glucoagon affect

Answer 7

stimulates gluconeogensis

Question 8

what is pyruvate carboxylate inhibited by

Answer 8

insuline

Question 9

what is PEP carboxykinase inhibited by

Answer 9

insulin, AMP1

Question 10

what is PEP carvoxykinase stimualted by

Answer 10

glucagon, cAMP

Question 11

what is fructose 1,6 bisphosphate inihbted by

Answer 11

fructose 2,6 bisphohste, AMP

Question 12

what is fructose 1,6 bisphophate stimulated by

Answer 12

citrate

Question 13

what is glucose 6 phosphatease stimulated by

Answer 13

glucagon

Question 14

what is glucose 6 phospahtes inhibited by

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

how does accumulating acetyl-CoA influence carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 15

represses glycosis by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase

activate gluconeogensis by stimulating pyruvate carobxlase

Question 16

what causeing fasting hypoglycemia

Answer 16

problems with mobilization of stored glucose
problems with utilization of stored fat as alternative fuel
problems with gluconeogensis

Question 17

insufficent gluconeogenic activity can result form waht

Answer 17

inborn errors of metabolism

liver disease

Question 18

what does synthesis of lactose start with

Answer 18

UDP-glucose

Question 19

reaction to get lactose

Answer 19

UDP glucose —> UDP galactose —> lactose synthase condenses into lactose

Question 20

what does beta galactosyltransferase do

Answer 20

catalyze synthesis of N acetyllactosamine and lactose

Question 21

what is N acetyllactosamine

Answer 21

component of glycosaminoglycins of ECM

Question 22

function of PPP

Answer 22

yield NADPH and ribosis

Question 23

reactions of oxidative phase of PPP

Answer 23

glucose 6 phophate —> 6-phosphogluconate —-> ribose 5 phosphate

Question 24

enzyme of glucose 6 phophase —> 6 phosphogluconate

Answer 24

glucose 6 phophate dehydrogase

Question 25

products of oxidative phase of PPP

Answer 25

2 NADPH

Question 26

what is happening to the glucose in the oxidative phase of PPP

Answer 26

decarboxylated to form a pentose and reduce NADP

Question 27

what is happening during the nonoxidative phase of PPP

Answer 27

carbons in pentoses are rearranged to form glycolytic intermediates

Question 28

what is the regualted step of PPP

Answer 28

glucose 6- phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 29

what is glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibted by

Answer 29

NADPH

Question 30

what happens if the cell needs both riboses and NADPH

Answer 30

PPP runs

Question 31

what happens if cell needs riboses but not NADPH

Answer 31

glycolysis runs, non oxidative phase of PPP runs

Question 32

what happens if cell needs NADPH and not riboses

Answer 32

PPP and gluconeogensis runs

Question 33

what happens if cell needs NADPH and ATP

Answer 33

runs PPP and glycosis

Question 34

who is G6PD common in

Answer 34

african american men

Question 35

what are individuals with G6PD sensitive to

Answer 35

H2O2.

Question 36

what does thiamine deficeny (beri beri) impair

Answer 36

funciton of PPP