Lipids III

Question 1

what is different about membrane lipiids

Answer 1

they carry electral charges

Question 2

what is the rate limiting step of the synthesis of PC

Answer 2

rphosphocholine transferred to CTP by phosphocholine cytidyltransferase

Question 3

how is PE syntheised

Answer 3

ethanolamine activated, transferred to CTP

transfer ethanolamine to diacylglyceral

Question 4

what is PS made by

Answer 4

phosphatidyl serine synthase - changes polar head froup on PE with serine

Question 5

what is unique about the synthesis of PI

Answer 5

the dicylglycerol (not the head group) is activated by binding to CTP.

Question 6

cardiolipin

Answer 6

biologically important lipid of inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

structure of cardiolipin

Answer 7

phospholipid dimer where 2 phosphatidic acid molecules are connected bia glycerol bridge

Question 8

function of cardiolipin

Answer 8

helps with foldign of mitochondrial electron transport compoexes,
buffers electrons in membranes

Question 9

when do you see cardiolipin insufficiency

Answer 9

normal ageing but also alzheimers and parkinsons

Question 10

outer leaflet contains waht

Answer 10

choline containing lipids PC and sphingomylen

Question 11

inner leaflet contains waht

Answer 11

PE and negatively charged lipid like PS

Question 12

how is arachidonic acid introduced into phospholipids

Answer 12

exchange of FAs bia phospholipases

Question 13

characteristics of freashly synthesized phospholipds

Answer 13

saturated FA or oleic acid in C1

unsaturated FA in C2

Question 14

phospholipise C reaction

Answer 14

phospholipase C —> IP3 + DAG

Question 15

unpon stimulation what does phospholipiase A2 do

Answer 15

cleave arachidonic acid from the C2 of phospholipids

Question 16

general function of phospholipiase A2

Answer 16

prodcues signalling molcules of prostaglandin and thromboxane classes.

Question 17

what does arachidonic acid need to be synthesized from

Answer 17

linoleic acid (essential FA)

Question 18

how is free arachidonic acid converted into PGH2

Answer 18

substrate for CO/PGH synthase complex

Question 19

PGH2

Answer 19

precursor for wide viarety of signaling lipids

Question 20

functions of PGs

Answer 20

vasoluation during inflammation
stimulate contractiosn of uterus
inhibit platelet aggrestion

Question 21

where can prostaglandin synthesis be inhibited

Answer 21

level of phospholipiase A2 by corticosteroids

levle of COX1/2 and prostagland synthsie by NSAIDS

Question 22

leukotrienes

Answer 22

family of bioactive liipds that function as messengers and hormones

Question 23

how are leukotriens synthesized

Answer 23

from arachidonic acid follwoign stimulation of phospholipiase A

Question 24

what is leukotriene syntheiss initated by

Answer 24

lipoxygenase reaction

Question 25

what is the half life of keukotrines

Answer 25

4 hours

Question 26

function of LTC4 and LTD4

Answer 26

smooth muscle contraction

Question 27

how can you treat asthma

Answer 27

lipoxygenase inhibitors which slow production of leukotrines

Question 28

plasmalogens

Answer 28

special category of membrane lipids that contain fatty alcohol in ether linkage

Question 29

what parts of the body are rich in plasmalogens

Answer 29

immune system | brain heart

Question 30

what is plasmalogen deficieny assocaited with

Answer 30

alzheimers and down syndrome

Question 31

what is the critical step of plasmalogen syntehsis

Answer 31

induction of ether linkage

Question 32

where does the critical step of plasmoglen synthesis take place

Answer 32

peroxiaomes

Question 33

what do patients with zellweger have

Answer 33

plasmalogen defiency

Question 34

what are sphingolipids derived from

Answer 34

teh alcholo spingosine

Question 35

do sphingolipids contain glyceral

Answer 35

no

Question 36

what is the lipid component of spingomyelin

Answer 36

ceramide

Question 37

transfer of phosphocholine to ceramide leads to

Answer 37

spingomylein

Question 38

transfer of glucose or galactose on cereamide leads to

Answer 38

cerbrosides

Question 39

transfer of sulfate group to cerebrosides yeilds

Answer 39

sulfatide

Question 40

transfer of 2-4 neutral sugars to ceramid lead to

Answer 40

globosides

Question 41

transfer of several sugars to ceramide

Answer 41

gangliosides