Flashcards in Biopharmaceutics Deck (42)
1
drug absorption
movement of drug from the site of administration into the blood
2
bioavailability
RATE and EXTENT to which the active ingredient or moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action
3
Biopharmaceutics examines what? (4)
-interrelationship between PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL properties of a DRUG
-PATHOLOGY and normal PHYSIOLOGY of the PATIENT
-DOSAGE FORM in which the drug was given
-route of the dosage on the bioavailability
4
API
active pharmaceutical ingredient
5
T/F Excipients effect the rate or extent of absorption of a drug although they are inactive
TRUE
6
What types of things are considered when making a drug product design? (7)
-therapeutic objective (rapid action)
-drug
-route of administration
-dosage and regimen
-type of product
-excipients
-manufacturing method
7
T/F The drug DOES NOT have to be in solution to be absorbed
FALSE: MUST
8
Movement of Drugs through the body (3)
Absorption--> Distribution-->Elimination
9
absorption
movement of drug from where it was administered -->through a membrane-->into the blood
10
T/F Metabolites are found in the blood and are usually NOT active
TRUE
11
distribution
drug moves into certain tissues--> cause a pharmacologic effect
12
pharmacologic effect
when drug lands on a receptor
13
T/F The drug that is released after the pharmacologic effect is a different drug chemically than what was administered
FALSE: the same drug
14
elimination
removing the dug from the body
15
excretion
elimination of UNCHANGED drug
16
Most drugs are excreted through the ______
urine
17
metabolism
a CHEMICAL CHANGE in the drug by the body
18
Following extravascular administration, _______ must occur for a ______ effect from the drug
absorption; system
19
extravascular
outside the vascular system (blood vessels)
20
Samples of the _____ are used to determine the amount of drug being absorbed
blood
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Concentration of Drug in the Blood?
The concentration of the drug will ____, then it will slowly ____ (via tissue sites or elimination)
increase; decrease
22
Why are drug concentrations more often measured in plasma rather than whole blood or serum?
changes in plasma concentration reflect changes in concentrations in other areas of the body
23
Serum vs. Plasma
serum: you allow the blood to clot
plasma: an anticoagulant is added/placed in the blood-->easier to collect
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Plasma vs. Whole Blood
whole blood: difficult to analyze
plasma blood: easy to analyze
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MEC abbreviation
minimum effective concentration
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MEC ...
there has to be a certain concentration of drug in the plasma before you see certain pharmacologic effects
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MTC abbreviation
minimum toxic concentration
28
MTC .... (2)
-if you exceed this concentration you will begin to see toxicity
-side effects are often seen if you exceed this number
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onset time
time when therapeutic effect begins to be observed
30
duration (2)
-time that drug remains above MEC
-response from drug occurs during this time
31
intensity
related to the number of receptors with which the drug interacts
32
The ______ receptors engaged the higher the intensity
more
33
What are the 3 parameters used to determine bioavailability?
-Cmax
-Tmax
-AUC (area under the curve)
34
Cmax (2)
-represents one singe dose of the drug
-the max concentration of drug in the plasma
35
Tmax
the length of time from administration to the max concentration is achieved
36
Increasing amount of absorption; AUC ______
increases
37
Increasing amount of absorption; Cmax _____
increases
38
Increasing amount of absorption; Tmax _____
not effected
39
Increasing rate of absorption; AUC _____
not effected
40
Increasing rate of absorption; Cmax _____
increases
41
Increasing rate of absorption; Tmax ______
decreases
42