Flashcards in Parenterals Part B Deck (63)
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1
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
-used to provide nutrients to patients who can not take in nutrients orally
2
TPNs typically contain: (3)
-carb (dextrose)
-lipid (fat)
-amino acid (protein)
3
Base solutions are known as....
Macronutrients (amino acid solutions, dextrose, IV fat)
4
TNA or three in one admixture contain (3)
-IV emulsion
-amino acid
-dextrose
5
What is the problem with 3 in 1 admixtures?
emulsions are typically opaque (milky white) which makes it hard to see incompatibilities
6
If TPN is going to be going on for a while you may need both....
macronutrients and micronutrients
7
micronutrients are known as
electrolytes
8
What is the problem with using high concentrations of dextrose?
it is no longer isotonic, but hypertonic
9
T/F You only want to use manual compounding if it is required. Automated is better.
TRUE
10
TPN manual Gravity method for compounding?
special IV bag with transfer leads attached
11
TPN automated compounding? (2)
-saves time
-reduces potential error and contamination
12
Sterilization?
the complete destruction of all living organisms and their spores
13
Methods used for sterilization (5)
-steam sterilization
-dry heat sterilization
-sterilization by filtration
-gas sterilization
-ionizing radiation
14
SAL abbreviation?
Sterility assurance level
15
What is the SAL of terminal sterilization?filter sterilization?
terminal: 10^-6 (1 in a million)
filter: 10^-3 (1 in a thousand)
16
T/F Filter Sterilization is terminal sterilization
FALSE: IS NOT
17
Steam Sterilization is also known as .....
autoclaving (the best method)
18
T/F Autoclaving does not destroy pyrogens
TRUE; the material is pyrogen free due to distillation that uses WFSI
19
Steam Sterilization (2)
-moist heat causes denaturation of proteins
-saturated steam under pressure in autoclave 121 degrees celsius
20
Which of the following ampuls can be sterilized in an autoclave machine?
-drug in oil
-drug in WFSI
drug in WFSI because it makes its own pressure causing the pressure to be the same on the inside and outside of the ampul
21
T/F Dry Heat sterilization uses a higher temperature for a longer period of time than steam sterilization
TRUE
22
Dry Heat Sterilization (3)
-dehydration follow by oxidation
-removes pyrogens
-glassware can be covered w/aluminum foil and sterilized
23
Which of the following ampuls can be sterilized in by dry heat?
-drug in oil
-drug in WFSI
drug in oil
24
Filtration Sterilization (3)
-suitable for heat sensitive material (protein)
-does not remove pyrogens
-physical removal of microorganisms by 0.2 micron membrane filter
25
What tests checks the integrity of the filter (makes sure there is no breaks in the filter)?
Bubble point test
Pressure hold test
26
Gas sterilization (2)
-exposure to ethylene oxide gas diluted with an inert gas
-for heat and moisture sensitive material
27
In a gas chamber during sterilization what is controlled? (4)
-temperature
-humidity
-gas concentration
-exposure time
28
Ionizing Radiation Sterilization (2)
-gamma radiation from cobalt-60
-used for medical devices and hospital supplies
29
Sterilization needs to be validated, how is this possible? (4)
-biological indicators
-recording thermocouples
-color change indicators
-melting indicators
30
