Flashcards in Solutions Deck (27)
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1
Advantages of solutions (4)
-can be used externally
-drugs absorbed in dissolved state
-easily adjusted
-convenient for those unable to swallow solid dosage
2
Disadvantages of solutions (4)
-hard to do taste masking
-drug may not be stable
-bulky and heavy
-dose measurement inaccurate
3
Ways to make purified water (3)
-distillation
-ion exchange resin
-reverse osmosis
4
What method?
Cation and Anion exchangers used successively or simultaneously to remove both cations and anions from water (uses demineralized or deionized water)
Ion-exchange method
5
solubility vs. saturated solution
Concentration of solute in a saturated solution
at a certain temperature
solubility
6
solubility vs. saturated solution
Has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible
at a given temperature
saturated solution
7
The U. S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary lists the solubility of drugs as the number of _______ of solvent in which ____ of solute will dissolve.
milliliters; 1 gram
8
Alcohol is a widely used solvent, but has ____ at concentrations greater than 15%
preservative
9
What are some examples of commonly used solvents? (3)
-glycerin
-propylene glycol (PG)
-PEG 400
10
______ is a 85% solution of sucrose in purified water
simple syrup
11
Concentrated sugar solutions are......
resistant to microbial growth--> generally no preservative needed
12
T/F Sucrose can be replaced in whole or in part by other sugars
TRUE
13
T/F The characteristic viscosity and sweetness of syrup can mask the taste of added medicinal agents
TRUE
14
How can syrups be prepared? (3)
-solution with heat
-agitation without heat
-percolation
15
percolation
a column with sucrose and liquid is passed through to dissolve the sucrose
16
Stability?
Dodecyl gallate; octyl gallate, propyl gallate;
BHA, BHT
Vitamin E
antioxidants-> prevent oxidation
17
Stability?
Citric Acid and EDTA
cheating agents--> minimize metal effect
18
Preservatives help to protect against_______
microbial contamination
19
Elixir = _______ + _______
water + alcohol
20
What can elixirs dissolve? (2)
-water soluble
-alcohol soluble
21
_______ clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use
elixir
22
_____ replace the ions/fluid lost by diarrhea
oral rehydration solutions
23
nasal solutions are ____ to the nasal fluid and buffered to the normal pH range of 5.5 to 6.5
isotonic
24
_____ glycerin is used in ear drops
anhydrous
25
anhydrous
viscosity and removal of moisture (takes out water that may be in the ear)
26
douches, enemas, gargles, mouth washes are all examples of ....
solutions
27
