Blood (im so tired of pharm)

Question 1

name adverse effects of heparin

Answer 1

bleeding
hypotension
inc HR
loss of conciousness
headache, confusion, change n vision
thrombocytopenia

Question 2

how does heparin work

Answer 2

binds to and activates anthrombin 3

Question 3

how long does warfarin take to treat

Answer 3

3-4 days

Question 4

how is LMW heparin cleared

Answer 4

by the kidneys

Question 5

what is warfarin used for

Answer 5

long term prophylaxis of thrombosis

Question 6

name an adverse effect of thrombolytics

Answer 6

destruction of pre-existing clots -> promote bleeding at sites of recent injury

Question 7

what is fondaparinux

Answer 7

an indirect specific factor X inhibitor

Question 8

name an indirect specific factor X inhibitor

Answer 8

fondaparinux

Question 9

what is the INR

Answer 9

patient prothrombin time divided by the average time

Question 10

warfarin therapy aims to have an INR of what

Answer 10

2-3.5

Question 11

what does ADP do

Answer 11

it further promotes platelet activation

Question 12

apixaban and rivaroxaban are examples of what kind of drugs

Answer 12

direct factor X inhibitors

Question 13

name an adverse effect for streptokinase

Answer 13

since it has a bacterial origin, pts can have an immune response limiting it’s use to MI

Question 14

how do thrombolytics work

Answer 14

inc conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

Question 15

what is the treatment fo heparin toxicity

Answer 15

protamine

Question 16

what tests do you use to monitor heparin

Answer 16

aPTT
anti-factor Xa

Question 17

what is factor 2

Answer 17

protrombin (thrombin when activated)

Question 18

what are the two historically used anticoagulant

Answer 18

heparin
warfarin

Question 19

what two factors are involved in the extrinsic pathway

Answer 19

3 (tissue) and 7

Question 20

what are some uses of heparin

Answer 20

prevention/ treatment of blood clots
during extracorporeal circulation

Question 21

what anticoagulant do we have in our blood vessels

Answer 21

antithrombin 3

Question 22

what forms a mesh that will stabilize a clot

Answer 22

fibrin

Question 23

what is hemophilia

Answer 23

factor 8 or 9 deficiency

Question 24

how does warfarin work

Answer 24

prevents activation of vitamin K (and dec synthesis of vit K dependant factors)

Question 25

what kind of drug is tranexamic acid

Answer 25

antifibrinolytic

Question 26

name some uses for thrombolytics/fibrinolytics

Answer 26

MI PE ischemic stroke

Question 27

what is protamine used for

Answer 27

treatment of heparin toxicity

Question 28

name 2 substances that platelets release to stimulate activation and aggregation of other platelets

Answer 28

thromboxane A2 ADP

Question 29

name an antifibrinolytic

Answer 29

tranexamic acid

Question 30

what ADP receptor antagonists must be activated by hepatic enzymes

Answer 30

clopidogrel prasugrel

Question 31

name a direct thrombin inhibitor

Answer 31

dabigatran

Question 32

what is the final result of antiplatelet drugs

Answer 32

reduction of platelet aggregation prolonged bleeding time

Question 33

the prothrombin time evaluates what

Answer 33

the extrinsic pathway

Question 34

name 3 ADP receptor antagonists

Answer 34

clopidogrel prasugrel ticagrelor

Question 35

is ASA slowly or rapidly absorbed

Answer 35

rapidly

Question 36

name 5 advantages of LMW heparin

Answer 36

longer half life subQ injection more predictable response reduced need for monitoring fewer haemorrhagic complications

Question 37

what anticoagulant is still used as a rat poison

Answer 37

warfarin

Question 38

what factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway

Answer 38

12, 11, 9, 8

Question 39

what can be caused by long term high use of heparin

Answer 39

osteoporosis

Question 40

what enzyme produces thromboxane A2

Answer 40

cyclooxygenase

Question 41

what test is used to monitor levels of warfarin therapy

Answer 41

PT

Question 42

name two direct factor X inhibitors

Answer 42

apixaban ribaroxaban

Question 43

how do antiplatelet drugs act

Answer 43

they suppress platelet aggregation and adhesion

Question 44

what enzyme must clopidogrel be acitvated by

Answer 44

CYP 2C19

Question 45

what drug can cause osteoporosis at high doses and long term use

Answer 45

heparin

Question 46

what factors are vitamin K dependant

Answer 46

2, 7, 9, 10

Question 47

what is dabigatran

Answer 47

a direct thrombin inhibitor

Question 48

what is an adverse effect of clopidogrel

Answer 48

agranulocytosis

Question 49

benefits of dabigatran over warfarin

Answer 49

not sensitive to vit K intake less drug interaction more predictable

Question 50

how is coagulation triggered

Answer 50

an injury that exposes tissue factor or thromboplastim

Question 51

what factor needs to be paired with calcium to help activate factor 10

Answer 51

5

Question 52

what are the adverse effects of dabigatran

Answer 52

bleeding bruising dyspepsia

Question 53

name 3 examples of thrombolytics

Answer 53

tissue plasminogen activtor synthetically modified tPAs streptokinase

Question 54

dalteparin and enoxaparin are examples of what kind of drug

Answer 54

LMW heparin

Question 55

name two examples of LMW heparin

Answer 55

dalteparin enoxaparin

Question 56

what does plasmin do

Answer 56

destroys fibrin within blood clots

Question 57

how do you treat a warfarin overdose

Answer 57

vitamin K prothrombin complex concentrate fresh-frozen plasma

Question 58

what is the most common side effect of acetylsalicylic acid

Answer 58

gastric irritation

Question 59

what are some adverse effects of factor X inhibitors

Answer 59

excessive bleeding

Question 60

what are some uses for tranexamic acid

Answer 60

reduce bleeding menorrhagin hemophilia surgery

Question 61

how much more selective is LMW heparin for factor X vs thrombin

Answer 61

2-4 times

Question 62

what drug inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes

Answer 62

acetylsalicylic acid

Question 63

name 2 adverse effects of antifibrinolytics

Answer 63

thromboembolic events allergic skin rxns

Question 64

what is factor 1

Answer 64

fibrinogen (fibrin when activated)

Question 65

low does of ASA is effective for what

Answer 65

prevention of thrombosis complications circumstances wehre there is an inc risk of arterial thrombosis

Question 66

the aPartial thromboplastin time evaluates what

Answer 66

the intrinsic pathway

Question 67

why is warfarin dangerous in pregnancy

Answer 67

it can cross the placenta and is a known teratogen

Question 68

how must heparin be administered

Answer 68

parenterally

Question 69

what is used to treat an overdose of dabigatran

Answer 69

idarucizumab

Question 70

what's the difference between natural heparin and low molecular weight heparin

Answer 70

LMW heparin is mostly smaller molecules as opposed to such a wide range in natural heparin

Question 71

are we gonna pass pharm?

Answer 71

YAS

Question 72

how is heparin cleared

Answer 72

by the reticuloendothelial system

Question 73

what side effect is there a risk for with ASA

Answer 73

gastric ulceration

Question 74

what 3 things help factor 10 to convert prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 74

factor V calciium lipids

Question 75

what does thrombin do

Answer 75

cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin

Question 76

what is idarucizumab used for

Answer 76

treat dabigatran overdose

Question 77

what two factors stimulate the activation of factor 10

Answer 77

factor 3 (TF) and factor 7

Question 78

what has a higher selectivity for factor X vs thrombin? natural or LMW heparin

Answer 78

LMW

Question 79

what factors is antithrombin 3 responsible for the inactivation of

Answer 79

10, 2, 9, 11, 12

Question 80

what are ADP receptor antagonists used for

Answer 80

to prevent thrombus formation (eg following angioplasty)

Question 81

what does clopidogrel do

Answer 81

blocks ADP receptors on platelets

Question 82

what is the main adverse effects of ADP receptor antagonists

Answer 82

bleeding

Question 83

what releases substances that stimulate activation and aggregation of platelets to form a plug

Answer 83

platelets

Question 84

what stimulates the formation of thrombin

Answer 84

activated factor 10