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Pharmacology > Cardiac pt 2 > Flashcards

Cardiac pt 2 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

name 3 alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists

A

prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin

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2
Q

where on the nephron do loop diuretics affect

A

ascending limb (thick)

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3
Q

what can toxicity of sodium nitroprusside lead to

A

cyanide poisoning

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4
Q

what are arterial vasodilators used for

A

hypertensive emergencies

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5
Q

what diuretic acts on the distal convoluted tubule + collecting duct

A

potassium-sparing

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6
Q

name 3 adverse effects of clonidine

A

sedation
dry mouth
depression

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7
Q

what diuretic acts on the distal convoluted tubule

A

thiazide

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8
Q

what is the use for clonidine

A

refractory hypertension

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9
Q

name a non-specific adrenergic antagonist

A

labetalol

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10
Q

what is the onset of action for potassium-sparing diuretics

A

24-48 hours

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11
Q

describe the effect and duration of thiazide diuretics

A

prolonged duration of action
more moderate effects

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12
Q

when is ototoxicity more likely with loop diuretics

A

when theyre used with aminoglycosides

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13
Q

name some adverse effects of alpha 1 antagonists

A

orthostatic hypotension
dizziness
reflex tachycardia
Na and water retention
fatigue

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14
Q

name 3 ACE inhibitors

A

ramipril
perindopril
enalapril

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15
Q

name 4 physiological effects of ACE inhibitors

A

vasodilation (red BP)
dec Na and water retention
dec vascular remodelling
dec cardiac remodelling

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16
Q

name two potassium sparing duretics

A

spironolactone
eplernone

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17
Q

name an example of a loop diuretic

A

furosemide

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18
Q

what is the first line treatment of adults without other compelling indications

A

DAACB
thiazide, ACEIs, ARBs, CCHB, Beta blockers

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19
Q

name some adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics

A

hyperkalemia
gynecomastia
menstrual irregularities
decreased libido

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20
Q

name 2 arterial vasodilators

A

hydralazine
minoxidil

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21
Q

what are mixed vasodilators used for

A

hypertensive emergencies

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22
Q

how does clonidine work

A

stimulates negative feedback on NA release

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23
Q

what is the formula for MAP

A

1/3 DBP + Pulse Pressure

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24
Q

where on the nephrondo potassium sparing diuertics affect

A

collecting duct

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25
losartan irbesartan valsartan are examples of what
AngII receptor blockers
26
wy can thiazide diuretics be useful in the treatment of kidney stones
because they cause less excretion of calcium
27
what is a-methyldopa used to treat
HTN in pregnant women
28
name 2 uses of diuretics
treat HTN relieve symptoms of congestion from HF
29
ramipril perindopril enalapril are all examples of what
ACE inhibitors
30
name some adverse effects of thiazide diuretics
low Na, K inc plasma uric acid, glucose and lipids
31
what are natriuretics
a drug that increases urinary elimination of sodium
32
describe the onset and intensity of loop diuretics
rapid onset intense effect
33
what type of diuretics act on the ascending limb of the nephron
loop diuretics
34
besides hypertension, what else are alpha 1 antagonists used to treat
benigh prostatic hyperplasia enlarge prostate (improves urination by dilating ureters and internal urinary sphincter)
35
name some adverse effects of loop diuretics
volume depletion hypotension low K, Mg, Ca inc uric acid inc plasma lipids ototoxicity
36
what is clonidine
alpha 2 agonist
37
what hormone does ACE inhibitors prevent the formation of
AngII
38
almost all ACE inhibitors are eliminated by:
the kidney
39
what converts AngI to AngII
angiotensin converting enzyme
40
what do alpha 1 antagonists do
reduce peripheral vasoconstriction
41
increased levels of bradykinin can cause what
angioedema dry cough
42
how do thiazide diuretics work
they block teh Na/Cl co-transporter
43
almost all diuretics are ____
natriuretics
44
where on the nephron does thiazide diuretics affect
distal convoluted tubule
45
what are two functions of ACE
convert AngI to AngII break down bradykinin
46
why are vasodilators often combined with beta-blockers and diuretics
because they tend to inc HR and cause water and sodium retention (as the body compensates)
47
what ACE inhibitor is more likely to cause a dry cough
captopril
48
name 3 adverse effects that are specific to spironolactone
gynecomastia menstrual irregularities decreased libido
49
what are the 5 types of antihypertensives
A: ACE inhibitors/AngII receptor blockers B: Beta-Blockers C:Calcium channel blockers D: Diuretics V: Vasodilators
50
name 3 AngII receptor blockers
losartan irbesartan valsartan
51
what receptors does a-methyl-NA stimulate
a2
52
where is aldosterone released from
adrenal glands
53
what is the hypotensive effect of diuretics due to
increase of the volume of diuresis
54
what is the one class of diuretics that is NOT a natriuretic
osmotic diuretics
55
what adrenergic receptors does labetalol inhibit
alpha 1 beta receptors
56
what does Aldosterone do
causes secretion of K causes retention of Na
57
what kind of drug is sodium nitroprusside
mixed vasodilator
58
what are the 5 different classes of diuretics
osmotic diuretics carbonic anhydrase inhibitors loop diuretics thiazide diuretics potassium-sparing diuretics
59
what are ACE inhibitors used for
treatment of high BP chronic HF
60
name 4 adverse effects of ACE inhibitors
hypotension dry cough angioedema hyperkalemia risk
61
why are some potassium-sparing diuretics also named mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists?
because they also block the effect of aldosterone
62
what stimulates the release of aldosterone
AngII
63
name 3 thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide indapamide chlorthalidone
64
describe the onset of sodium nitroprusside
rapid
65
how do loop diuretics work
they block Na, K and Cl transporter
66
name a mixed vasodilator
sodium nitroprusside

Pharmacology (22 decks)

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