Cardiac pt 1 - NO REVIEW QUESTIONS YET

Question 1

what is the half life for nitroglycerin

Answer 1

2mins

Question 2

name a phenylakylamine

Answer 2

verapamil

Question 3

amlodipine and nifedipine are examples of what

Answer 3

dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Question 4

what is the half life for isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 4

45 mins

Question 5

does angII affect afterload or preload

Answer 5

afterload

Question 6

what is the tmax for isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 6

1hr

Question 7

does aldosterone affect afterload or preload

Answer 7

preload

Question 8

what does it mean to have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

Answer 8

when beta antagonists demonstrate low levels of receptor stimulating activity

Question 9

what is Acebutolol’s ISA

Answer 9

1+

Question 10

what are the uses for nitrates

Answer 10

angina
heart failure
hypertension (acute cases)

Question 11

why does propranolol have more effects on the central nervous system

Answer 11

it can cross the blood-brain barrier

Question 12

what is the route for isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 12

po

Question 13

what oes dromotrope refer to

Answer 13

conduction velocity

Question 14

what is the main mechanism of action of nitrates

Answer 14

vasodilation! yippee

Question 15

what does chronotrope refer to

Answer 15

heart rate

Question 16

what are the 3 sub-classes of calcium channel blockers

Answer 16

dihydropyridines
non-dihydropyridines:
benzothiazepines
phenylalkylamines

Question 17

what are some general adverse
effects of beta blockers

Answer 17

fatigue
nightmares
sexual dysfunction

Question 18

do calcium channel blockers affect afterload or preload

Answer 18

afterload

Question 19

name a benzothiazepine

Answer 19

diltiazen

Question 20

name two dihydropyridines

Answer 20

amlodipine
nifedipine

Question 21

what beta blocker can be used to treat hypertension in pregnant patients

Answer 21

labetalol

Question 22

how do drugs with low lipid solubility tend to be eliminated

Answer 22

via the renal route

Question 23

what drug decreases renin release by juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 23

beta blockers

Question 24

name 5 non-cardioselective antagonists

Answer 24

propranolol
timolol
pindolol
labetalol
carvedilol

Question 25

name 5 adverse effects of calcium channel blockers

Answer 25

headaches edema in lower limbs flushing orthostatic hypotension constipation (verapamil)

Question 26

do calcium channel blockers affect preload

Answer 26

nope

Question 27

name some adverse effects of B1 antagonists

Answer 27

bradycardia atrio-ventricular block risks HF hypotension

Question 28

what type of calcium channel blocker mainly causes cardiac effects

Answer 28

non dihydropyridines

Question 29

name two vascular effects of calcium channel blockers

Answer 29

arterial vasodilation = reduced blood pressure coronary artery vasodilation = reduction of vasospasms

Question 30

how do lower levels of aldosterone reduce preload

Answer 30

via lowered blood volume due to inc sodium and water excretion

Question 31

name two cardiac effects caused by calcium channel blockers

Answer 31

negative inotropic effect dec HR

Question 32

do beta blockers demonstrate positive or negative chronotropic, inotropic and dromotropic effects on the heart

Answer 32

negative

Question 33

what does inotrope refer to

Answer 33

force of contraction

Question 34

name some uses of beta blockers

Answer 34

angina HTN arrythmias HF migranes anxiety hyperthyroidism

Question 35

describe the metabolism for isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 35

it is an active metabolite (ie the product of a prodrug)

Question 36

what are nitrates derived from

Answer 36

nitroglycerin

Question 37

name 4 adverse effects of nitrates

Answer 37

orthostatic hypotension frequent headaches reflex tachycardia (high doses) tachyphylaxis (tolerance)

Question 38

diltiazem is an example of what

Answer 38

benzothiazepine

Question 39

what are the 3 classes of anti-anginal drugs

Answer 39

Nitrates Beta blockers Calcium channel blocker

Question 40

describe the metabolism for nitroglycerin

Answer 40

it has a significant 1st pass hepatic effect

Question 41

what is the Tmax for nitroglycerin

Answer 41

30 seconds

Question 42

name 4 additional effets of non specific beta blockers

Answer 42

bronchoconstriction mask symptoms of hypoglycemia+reduce release of glucose inc in peripheral resistance inhibit lipolysis

Question 43

name 3 therapeutic uses of calcium channel blockers

Answer 43

angina hypertension arrhythmias (non dihydropyridines)

Question 44

how do lower levels of AngII decrease afterload

Answer 44

via decreased vasoconstriction

Question 45

what are the different routes for nitroglycerin

Answer 45

sublingual transdermal topical injectable oral

Question 46

what calcium channel blocker mainly causes vascular effects

Answer 46

amlodipine

Question 47

what is a positive about taking nitroglycerin sublingually

Answer 47

bypasses the 1st pass hepatic metabolism AND rapid absorption of drug

Question 48

verapamil is an example of what

Answer 48

a phenylalkylamine