Chemo pt 2 slides 1-20

Question 1

Natural penicillins are susceptible to degradation by what enzyme

Answer 1

Beta-lactamase

Question 2

what natural penicillin is stable in acidic environment and administered orally

Answer 2

Penicillin V

Question 3

name two beta-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 3

tazobactam
clavulanic acid

Question 4

what do penicillins target on bacteria

Answer 4

peptidoglycan layer on bacteria

Question 5

cephalosporins have a chemical structure resembling what drugs

Answer 5

penicillins

Question 6

name 3 reasons you would use natural penicllins

Answer 6

group A streptococcus
group B streptococcus
Tooth infections

Question 7

what are the 5 antimicrobial drug classes

Answer 7

inhibition of bacterial metabolic pathways

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

inhibition of protein synthesis

Inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription

disruption of plasma membrane

Question 8

what antimicrobial drug class is the most used antibiotics

Answer 8

those that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 9

what are the four types of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

Answer 9

macrolides
chloramphenicol
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines

Question 10

penicillin’s are most effective against what kind of bacteria

Answer 10

Gram positive

Question 11

name 2 adverse effects of cephalosporins

Answer 11

hypersensitivity reactions
some inhibit the metabolism of alcohol

Question 12

what antimicrobial drug class do monobactams belong to

Answer 12

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 13

how would you use monobactams to treat p. aeruginosa for CF patients

Answer 13

administered inhalation for 28 days

Question 14

describe the activity versus gram +/- drugs from the 1st-3rd generation of cephalosporins

Answer 14

activity vs gram- increases
activity vs gram+ decreases

Question 15

what kind of drug has a disulfiram-like effect?

Answer 15

Cephalosporins

Question 16

name a drug that’s a 5th generation cephalosporin

Answer 16

ceftobiprole

Question 17

name an extended spectrum penicillin that is effective against pseudomonas

Answer 17

piperacillin

Question 18

cloxacillin
methicillin are what kinds of drugs

Answer 18

B-lactamase resistant penicillin

Question 19

what does ALDH stand for

Answer 19

aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 20

what is vancomycin used to treat

Answer 20

very difficult/resistant micro-organisms (MRSA and C. diff)

Question 21

name an example of a carbapenem drug

Answer 21

meropenem

Question 22

what are some adverse effects of penicillins

Answer 22

anaphylactic reactions
urticaria
drug rash
serum sickness
nephritis
hemolytic anemia

Question 23

are there a lot of cross reactions with monobactams if patients are hypersensitive to other beta lactams?

Answer 23

nope

Question 24

ampicillin
amoxicillin are what kind of drugs

Answer 24

broader spectrum penicillins that add gram- coverage

Question 25

what are two broader spectrum penicillins that add gram- coverage

Answer 25

ampicillin amoxicillin

Question 26

what is the route of administration for bacitracin

Answer 26

topical - eyes, nose, skin

Question 27

how is vancomycin normally administered

Answer 27

IV - poor F if given orally

Question 28

what kind of bacteria would you use monobactams for

Answer 28

gram- aerobic bacteria

Question 29

what are the 4 classifications of penicillins

Answer 29

natural resistant to beta-lactamases broad spectrum especially useful vs pseudomonas bacteria

Question 30

name 2 natural penicillins

Answer 30

Penicillin G Penicillin V

Question 31

why are certain Enterobacteriaceae resistant to carbapenems

Answer 31

they produce an inactivating enzyme called carbapenemase

Question 32

what kinds of enterobacteriaceae are resistat to carbapenems

Answer 32

CRE (carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae)

Question 33

name three drugs that are 3rd generation cephalosporins

Answer 33

ceftriaxone ceftazidime cefixime

Question 34

what does disulfiram do

Answer 34

inhibits ALDH

Question 35

what antimicrobial drug class do cephalosporins belong to

Answer 35

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 36

4/5th generation of cephalosporins add to spectrum of 3rd generation by targeting what

Answer 36

resistant bacteria: pseudomonas MRSA

Question 37

what type of drug is bacitracin

Answer 37

a non-beta lactam antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 38

how do beta-lactamases affect antibiotics

Answer 38

they break open the beta-lactam ring found in certain antibiotics

Question 39

antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis are most effective versus bacteria in the _____ phase

Answer 39

growth

Question 40

name a drug that's a 4th generation cephalosporin

Answer 40

cefepime

Question 41

what type of drug is vancomycin

Answer 41

a non-beta lactam antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 42

why do carbapenems have controlled use

Answer 42

they're resistant to B-lactamases

Question 43

what are some adverse effects of vancomycin

Answer 43

infusion-related flushing rash hypotension nephrotoxicity resistance in enterococci

Question 44

what does ALDH do

Answer 44

metabolizes alcohol from acetaldehyde to acetate

Question 45

does penicillin have a rapid or slow elimination by kidneys

Answer 45

rapid

Question 46

what natural penicillin is administered parenterally and why

Answer 46

Penicillin G - because it is not stable in gastric acid

Question 47

name an example of a monobactam

Answer 47

aztreonam

Question 48

cephalosporins are grouped into 5 generations based on what

Answer 48

order of discovery

Question 49

name two drugs that are 2nd generation cephalosporins

Answer 49

cefprozil cefuroxime

Question 50

piperacillin is what kind of drug

Answer 50

an extended spectrum penicillin that is effective against pseudomonas

Question 51

tazobactam and clavulanic acid are examples of what types of drug

Answer 51

beta-lactamase inhibitors

Question 52

name two B-lactamase resistant penicillins

Answer 52

cloxacillin methicillin

Question 53

what antimicrobial drug class do carbapenems belong to

Answer 53

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 54

name 2 drugs and their route for 1st generation cephalosporins

Answer 54

cefazolin (Ancef) iv cephalexin (Keflex) po