Pharmacokinetics (Intro slideshow)

Question 1

tincture/elixir

Answer 1

alcohol based

Question 2

where does a drug administered bucco-gingically dissolve

Answer 2

between the gums and the cheek

Question 3

name 4 locations for central venous catheters

Answer 3

jugular vein
subclavian vein
femoral vein
PICC line

Question 4

when taking medicine orally, what organs is the drug exposed to before systemic circulation

Answer 4

stomach
intestine
liver

Question 5

the international nonproprietary name is also known as

Answer 5

the generic name

Question 6

sublingual or buccal routes of administration has the drugs drain directly into what vein

Answer 6

the superior vena cava

Question 7

emulsions

Answer 7

mix of oil/water

Question 8

why should some tablets not be split or crushed

Answer 8

they could be enteric coated
they could be meant for slow release

Question 9

why are IVs a risky route of administration

Answer 9

inc risk of toxicity
infection risk
phlebitis
extravascular adminsitration

air embolism

Question 10

if a drug is significantly destroyed by enzymes from the brush border membrane, what would you call that?

Answer 10

a first pass intestinal metabolism

Question 11

name some examples of biologic drugs

Answer 11

viral/bacterial vaxes
blood/blood products
cells/tissues/organs

Question 12

what is the onset of action

Answer 12

the time between the administration and when the conc meets the minimum effective concentration

Question 13

what is Tmax

Answer 13

the time it takes to get to the maximum concentration

Question 14

what are the 4 routes of administration

Answer 14

applying drugs on a surface
inhalation
enteral
Parental

Question 15

how long are drugs patent protected for in canada

Answer 15

20 years

Question 16

what are two kinds of administration for applying drugs on a surface

Answer 16

topical administration
transdermal administration

Question 17

what are the 3 kinds of drugs according to the FDA

Answer 17

natural health product
biologic
pharmaceutical

Question 18

name 4 sources of drugs

Answer 18

natural preparations
purified compounds
derivatives of natural products
synthetic compounds

Question 19

what are biologic drugs

Answer 19

drugs coming from living organisms or their cells

Question 20

what is the duration of a drug

Answer 20

the time that the concentration of the drug is in the therapeutic range

Question 21

what are adverse reactions

Answer 21

unwanted side effects of a medication

Question 22

when would intraosseous administration be used

Answer 22

resuscitation of critically ill patients if peripheral IVs cannot be establised

Question 23

what are transdermal administrations good for

Answer 23

having a low amount of drugs over a really long period of time

Question 24

what are innovator drugs

Answer 24

brand-name drug that is the first version of a medicine to be sold to patients

Question 25

the trade name is also known as the

Answer 25

brand name

Question 26

what 4 things does the FDA cover

Answer 26

drugs food devices cosmetics

Question 27

where are PICC lines inserted

Answer 27

peripheral upper arm

Question 28

what are some complications of intraosseous administration

Answer 28

extravasation infection fracture

Question 29

why can accidental extravascular administration be dangerous

Answer 29

build of fluid in tissues can compress and cut off BVs - cause pain and a lack of circulation

Question 30

enteral

Answer 30

anything that has to do with your GI tract

Question 31

what is phlebitis

Answer 31

inflammation of a vein

Question 32

when would someone need to take a drug rectally

Answer 32

if having issues with: vomiting nausea conciousness OR to deal with rectal issues (ie hemorrhoids)

Question 33

reference products are also known as

Answer 33

innovator drugs

Question 34

what are the two main uses of intra-arterial injections

Answer 34

chemotherapeutic agents blood clot lysis

Question 35

what are the only two routes of administration that do NOT go to the heart right away

Answer 35

oral inhalation

Question 36

what is pharmacokinetics

Answer 36

what the body does to the drug (ADME)

Question 37

name some examples of topical administrations

Answer 37

skin creams ointments nasal sprays vaginal applications eye drops

Question 38

difference between a cream and an ointment

Answer 38

ointment - meant to stay on the skin cream - meant to absorb into the skin

Question 39

suspensions

Answer 39

insoluble matter in water

Question 40

what is an advantage of intravenous administration

Answer 40

most direct route

Question 41

why should you mix suspensions well

Answer 41

to ensure the insoluble matter is evenly distributed in the liquid

Question 42

what is a first pass metabolism

Answer 42

drug gets significantly transformed/destroyed on the way in

Question 43

generic name is also known as

Answer 43

the international nonproprietary name

Question 44

what does logos mean

Answer 44

for word or discourse

Question 45

name some examples of natural health products

Answer 45

vitamins mineral supplements herbal products

Question 46

what does pharmakon mean

Answer 46

a magical substance, treatment or poison

Question 47

what kind of scientists extracted and purified natural materials

Answer 47

chemists

Question 48

what are excipients

Answer 48

non-active ingredients in a tablet/capsule

Question 49

what type of scientists screened natural materials for therapeutic effects

Answer 49

botanists

Question 50

what is the most common route of administration

Answer 50

p.o oral

Question 51

what are natural preparations (as a drug source)

Answer 51

the plant in it's natural state

Question 52

What is the therapeutic range

Answer 52

the range between the minimum effective concentration and toxic concentration

Question 53

what route of administration requires absorption

Answer 53

extravascular

Question 54

what are therapeutic effects

Answer 54

the primary actions of a drug

Question 55

drugs taken sublingually are absorbed through the:

Answer 55

oral mucosa

Question 56

name some examples of transdermal administration

Answer 56

nicotine nitroglycerine hormone treatments

Question 57

what are the three kinds of names for a drug

Answer 57

chemical name generic name (aka international nonproprietary name) brand name (aka trade name)

Question 58

innovator drugs are also known as

Answer 58

reference products

Question 59

what is intraosseous administration

Answer 59

a technique in which the bone marrow cavity is used as a non-collapsible vascular entry point

Question 60

what is pharmacodynamics

Answer 60

what the drug does to the body

Question 61

what does PICC stand for

Answer 61

peripherally inserted central catheter

Question 62

what is the only route of administration that passed through the liver before general circulation

Answer 62

oral

Question 63

the brand name is also known as

Answer 63

the trade name