Gastro (last one!!!)

Question 1

name a surfactant laxative

Answer 1

docusate

Question 2

name some protective factors against ulcers

Answer 2

mucus
prostaglandins
bicaronate
circulation

Question 4

why does loperamide have few effects on the brain

Answer 4

because it crosses the blood brain barrier properly

Question 5

what drug is an enhancer of mucosal defenses

Answer 5

misoprostol

Question 6

what causes an ulcer

Answer 6

imbalance between aggressive or lesional factors and defensive or protective layers

Question 7

name 3 other effects that bismuth subsalicylate has

Answer 7

bacteriostatic
antisecretory
anti-inflammatory

Question 8

name 3 antacids

Answer 8

Mg(OH)2
Al(OH)3
CaCO3

Question 9

name the quadruple therapy with bismuth to treat h pylori

Answer 9

PPI
tetracycline
bismuth salts
metronidazole

Question 10

what is an adverse effect of Al(OH)3

Answer 10

constipation

Question 11

name the quadruble therapy without bismuth to treat h pylori

Answer 11

PPI (esomeprazole)
3 antibiotics:
amoxicillin
clarithromycin
metronidazole

Question 12

what causes most duodenal ulcers

Answer 12

95% h pylori
5% NSAIDs

Question 13

how does sucralfate work

Answer 13

it forms a thick protective barrier on the ulcer

Question 14

name some other antidiarrheal drugs

Answer 14

anticholinergic drugs
verapamil
Al salts
diphenoxylate and atropine

Question 15

what is an ulcer

Answer 15

defined area of erosion passing through the lining of the GI wall

Question 16

name some AE of misoprostol

Answer 16

diarrhea
cramps
uterus contraction

Question 17

how do lubrification laxatives work

Answer 17

coat the intestinal lining

Question 18

how does loperamide

Answer 18

decreases intestinal motility which allows more time absorption of fluid and electrolytes

Question 19

what type of drug is misoprostol

Answer 19

prostaglandin PGE1 analogue

Question 20

what causes most gastric ulcers

Answer 20

70% h pylori
25% NSAIDs

Question 21

what is the duration of quadruple therapy with bismuth

Answer 21

7-14 days

Question 22

how do osmotic laxatives work

Answer 22

they draw water by osmosis into the intestine and colon

Question 23

less prostaglandins in gastric mucosa leads to what

Answer 23

dec mucus
dec bicarbonate
dec gastric circuation
inc secretion of HCl

Question 24

how do stimulate laxatives work

Answer 24

stimulate enterie neurons:
inc peristalsis
inc water electrolytes in colon

Question 25

name 2 mucosal coating agents

Answer 25

sucralfate bismuth subsalicylate

Question 26

many antidiarrheal agents are derivative of what kind of drugs

Answer 26

opioid

Question 27

loperamide is a derivative of what

Answer 27

morphine

Question 28

describe the systematic action of NSAIDs (in regards to ulcers)

Answer 28

reduce the synthesis of protective prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa

Question 29

how do surfactant laxatives work

Answer 29

alter stool consistency facilitate penetration of water into feces

Question 30

what is the last line of defense for epithelial cells against ulcers

Answer 30

gastric circulation (allows them to dump acid)

Question 31

name some H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 31

cimetidine ranitidine famotidine nizatidine

Question 32

name a lubrification laxative

Answer 32

mineral oil

Question 33

how do antacids work

Answer 33

theyre alkaline compounds that neutralize gastric acid

Question 34

what is a general adverse effect of antacids

Answer 34

can reduce the absorption of certain drugs (ciprofloxacin and tetracycline)

Question 35

what are some AE of cimetidine

Answer 35

inhibits hepatic metabolism anti-androgenic effect

Question 36

describe the duration of antacids

Answer 36

short lol

Question 37

how do antacids affect pepsin

Answer 37

by inc the gastric pH, pepsin activity reduces

Question 38

name 5 drugs used int he treatment of peptic ulcers/hypersecretion of gastric acid

Answer 38

antacids mucosal defenses H2 receptor antagonists PPIs antibacterial drugs

Question 39

what is an adverse effect of Mg(OH)2

Answer 39

diarrhea

Question 40

what is an AE of sucralfate

Answer 40

constipation

Question 42

how do NSAIDs topically cause ulcers

Answer 42

gastric epithelial cells are damaged by the absorption of the acidic drug

Question 43

how do PPIs work

Answer 43

they inhibit the gastric H/K ATPase pump

Question 44

what is the eradication rate of quadruple therapy with bismuth

Answer 44

85-95%

Question 45

name 3 off label uses of misoprostol

Answer 45

cervical ripening induction of labor termination of pregnancy

Question 46

how to H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 46

decreases the secretion of gastric acid by parietal cells

Question 47

what are the four goals of peptic ulcer drug therapy

Answer 47

alleviate symptoms promote healing prevent complications prevent recurrence

Question 48

name some AEs of bismuth subsalicylate

Answer 48

black tongue black feces

Question 49

why would you wnat to use ranitidine over cimetidine

Answer 49

few adverse effects

Question 50

name 2 bulk-forming laxitives

Answer 50

psyllium inulin

Question 51

how does bismuth subsalicylate work

Answer 51

forms a protecitve barrier over gastric mucosa

Question 52

name some osmotic laxatives

Answer 52

lactulose polyethylene glycol Mg(OH)2

Question 53

what two things does misoprostol do

Answer 53

stimulates submucosal blood flow and production of HCO3 and mucus attenuates histamine induced gastric acid production

Question 54

why do NSAIDs have an enteric coating

Answer 54

to try and prevent damage to GI epithelial cells

Question 55

name two anti-opioid laxative

Answer 55

methylnaltrexone naloxegol

Question 56

name a main antidiarrheal drug

Answer 56

loperamide

Question 57

name some aggressive or lesional ulcer factors

Answer 57

acid pepsin bile h pylori nsaids

Question 58

name some AE of PPIs

Answer 58

well tolerated overall headache diarrhea inc risk of osteoporosis inc risk of C diff and GI infections dec absorption of vit B12 and iron

Question 59

name 2 stimulant laxatives

Answer 59

bisacodyl sennosides

Question 60

what mucosal defense forms a thick protective barrier on an ulcer

Answer 60

sucralfate

Question 61

name some 3 PPIs

Answer 61

esomeprazole pantoprazole rabeprazole dexlansoprazole

Question 62

what kind of drug is loperamide

Answer 62

antidiarrheal agents

Question 63

how do bulk-forming laxatives work

Answer 63

stimulates water retention within stool