bone and cartilage Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the matrix of cartilage made of
hyaluronic acid
proteoglycans
what cells are always present in cartilage
chondrocytes
Name the three types of cartilage
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage
describe hyaline cartilage
contains chondrocytes
perichondrium containing fibroblast like precursor cells
then these develop to chondrocytes in chondrial region
a vascular
chondrocytes sit in lacuna and produce and maintain ECM
chondrocytes may be in isogenous group or singular
explain the structure of hyaluronic acid and how it contributes to compression resistance
hyaluronic acid binds collagen type 2 and proteoglycans creates hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregate that is gel like attracts water die to negative charge water non compressible
where is hyaline cartilage found
precursor model for bones articular surface of long bones epiphyseal plates nose trachea larynx bronchi parts of rib cage
what is growth from the periphery called
appositional growth
what is growth from the centre called
interstitial growth
Where is elastic cartilage found
pinna of ear
eustachian tube
epiglottis
what does fibrocartilage contain
chondrocytes and fibroblasts
combination of hyaline cartilage and dense irregular connective tissue
where is fibrocartilage found
intervertabral discs articular discs of sternoclavicualr joint and temporomandibular joints menisci of the knee pubic symphysis
what does fibrocartilage resist
shock and shearing forces
What does fibrocartilage not have
surrounding perichondrium
Explain the process of endochondral ossification
initial hyaline cartilage model
collar of periosteal bone forms
calcification of central cartilage and nutrient artery penetrates
primary ossification formed
medulla becomes cancellous bone and cartilage forms epiphyseal growth plates
epiphyses develop secondary ossification centres
epiphyses ossify and growth plates continue to move apart lengthening bone
growth cessation epiphyseal growth plates replaced by bone
articular cartilage remains
increased in girth of bone occurs by
periosteal ossification
intramembranous
What are the main components of bone matrix
organic- collagen I/ non collagenous proteins/ proteoglycans
inorganic - calcium hydroxypatite
what is a osteoprogenitor cell
undifferentiated stem cell
found inner layer of endosteum and periosteum
what is osteoblast
lay down bone
inner layer endosteum and spicules
what is a osteocyte
terminally differentiated bone cell
maintenance
trapped in osteon
filipodia to allow transfer of nutrients and communication between each other
what is a osteoblast
bug as fused monocytes- multinucleated
surface of cortical bond endosteum
reabsoprtion of bone
look for depression
What is the central canal of an osteon called
harvesian canal
What are the canals that perforate between osteons called
volkmann canals
What is osteoarthritis?
age related degenration mechanical failure of articular cartilage narrowing of joint space bone rubs bone growth of bony spurs
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
autoimmune disease that results in inflammation of synovial membrane, thickening of joint capsule and damage to bone and articular cartilage
