Metabolism

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

Chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 2

What is a catabolic process?

Answer 2

Breakdown of molecules to produce energy

Question 3

What is a anabolic process?

Answer 3

Use energy to create larger molecules for growth and maintenance

Question 4

Where is energy derived from?

Answer 4

Chemical bonds

Question 5

What bond is broken in the ATP - ADP cycle

Answer 5

Phosphodiester bond between the beta and gamma phosphate groups

Question 6

What is the official SI unit of food energy?

Answer 6

Kilojoule

Question 7

What is one kcal? How many kJ’s does 1 kcal equate to?

Answer 7

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 degree Celsius.
1kcal= 4.2 kJ

Question 8

How many units in a oligosaccharide?

Answer 8

3-12

Question 9

What is the general formula of a carb?

Answer 9

(CH2O)n

Question 10

How many units in a polysaccharide?

Answer 10

10-1000’s

Question 11

How may essential amino acids are there?

Answer 11

9

Question 12

What is an essential amino acid.

Answer 12

One we must obtain through our diet as it cannot be produced in the body.

Question 13

What are conditionally essential amino acids?

Answer 13

Required when there is a high demand for amino acids for example during pregnancy or puberty
Arginine, cysteine and tyrosine

Question 14

What are lipids composed of?

Answer 14

Triacylglycerols

3x fatty acids esterified to 1 glycerol

Question 15

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 15

A, D, E,K

Question 16

What are linoleic acid and linolenic acid needed for?

Answer 16

Prostaglandin synthesis

Question 17

What does a deficiency of b12 result in?

Answer 17

Anaemia

Question 18

What does a deficiency in vitamin D result in?

Answer 18

Rickets

Question 19

What does a deficiency in nacin result in?

Answer 19

Pellagra

Think 3 D’s- diarrhoea, dementia and dermatitis

Question 20

How much is the recommended intake of dietary fibre?

Answer 20

18g/day

Question 21

What does RNI stand for?

Answer 21

Reference nutrient intake

Question 22

What does EAR stand for?

Answer 22

Estimated average requirement

Question 23

What does LRNI stand for

Answer 23

Lower reference nutrient intake

Question 24

What does the BMR do?

Answer 24

Maintains resting activities of the body

Question 25

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 25

BMI (kg/m2)= weight (kg) / height2 (m2)

Question 26

What BMI indicates underweight

Answer 26

Less than 18.5

Question 27

What BMI indicates healthy weight?

Answer 27

18.5-24.9

Question 28

What BMI indicates overweight?

Answer 28

25-29.9

Question 29

What BMI indicates obese?

Answer 29

30-34.9

Question 30

What BMI indicates morbidly obese?

Answer 30

Over 35

Question 31

Define malnutrition

Answer 31

any condition caused by an in-balance between and individuals intake and what is required to maintain that individuals health

Question 32

What are the generalised symptoms of protein- energy malnutrition

Answer 32

cold and weakness muscle wastage and fat loss frequent lung and GI infections

Question 33

What is Marasmus and it symptoms?

Answer 33

``` children under 5 emancipated, muscle wastage, fat loss no oedema hair thin and dry diarrhoea anemia ```

Question 34

What tool is used to screen for malnutrition?

Answer 34

malnutrition universal screening tool

Question 35

What is Kwashiorkor and what are its symptoms?

Answer 35

``` typically when child displaced from breast feeding and moved to a high carb. very low protein diet. anaemia lethargic apathetic anorexia oedema- no serum albumin hepatomegaly ascites ```