Connective tissue

Question 1

Name the 6 types of connective tissue

Answer 1

dense fibrous connective tissue
loose connective tissue 
adipose tissue 
blood 
bone 
cartilage

Question 2

What are the three components of connective tissue

Answer 2

cells e.g. fibroblasts
ground substance
fibres

Question 3

What makes up the ECM?

Answer 3

ground substance and fibres

Question 4

Name 6 functions of connective tissue

Answer 4

binding and supporting 
protecting 
insulating 
fuel reserves and store 
transport of substances 
separation of tissues

Question 5

What is loose connective tissue also known as?

Answer 5

alveolar tissue

Question 6

What fibre is not present in loose connective tissue?

Answer 6

reticulin

Question 7

What are the main fibers in loose connective tissue?

Answer 7

elastin

collagen

Question 8

What is the function of fibroblasts?

Answer 8

produce fibres in ground substance

Question 9

What is a myofibroblast?

Answer 9

specialised fibroblast that produces actin and myosin

important role in wound healing

Question 10

What are macrophages in tissues called?

Answer 10

histiocytes

Question 11

What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?

Answer 11

phagocytic

professional antigen presenting cells

Question 12

What cells release granules upon stimulation by allergen?

Answer 12

mast cells

contain IgE for allergen on surface inducing release

Question 13

What three things are released by mast cells?

Answer 13

histamine
heparin (anticoagulant)
cytokines to activate eosinophils and neutrophils

Question 14

Where are mast cells not found?

Answer 14

CNS to avoid oedema effects if activated

Question 15

Where is the nucleus and cytoplasm in white adipocytes?

Answer 15

to on side

Question 16

How many lipid droplets in white adipocyte compared with a brown adipocyte?

Answer 16

white- one large droplet

brown- multiple smaller droplets

Question 17

Where is the nucleus located in a brown adipocyte?

Answer 17

central

Question 18

So white or brown adipocytes have an increase number of mitochondria?

Answer 18

brown

Question 19

Functions of white adipocyte?

Answer 19

padding
insulation
energy reserve

Question 20

Functions of brown adipocyte?

Answer 20

heat production and energy reserve

Question 21

What type of collagen is found in tendons?

Answer 21

type i

Question 22

What type of collagen is in hyaline and elastic cartilage?

Answer 22

type ii

Question 23

What type of collagen is also know as reticulin

Answer 23

type iii

Question 24

What type of collagen is only specialised for the basement membrane?

Answer 24

type IV

Question 25

In which layer of BV's is elastin found ?

Answer 25

tunica media

Question 26

What hydrates the ground substance?

Answer 26

the attraction of water by the sugar group on gags

Question 27

What are proteoglycans

Answer 27

core protein with gags attached

Question 28

In regular dense connective tissue how are the collagen fibers arranged?

Answer 28

parallel, in line with tensile force exerted by the muscle

Question 29

In irregular dense connective tissue how are the collagen fibers arranged?

Answer 29

all directions to resist stress in all directions

Question 30

Where can irregular dense connective tissue be found?

Answer 30

deep layer of dermis

Question 31

What are the collagen fibers in ligaments wrapped in ?

Answer 31

loose connective tissue creating fascicle

Question 32

How is collagen arranged in fascia ?

Answer 32

wavey pattern parallel to direction of pull | can withstand unidirectional tension until wavy pattern of fibers straightened out

Question 33

What is scurvy? Why does it result in problems with connective tissue?

Answer 33

vitamin C deficiency | needed for formation of procollagen, hydroxylates proline and lysine

Question 34

What is marfan's syndrome ?

Answer 34

autosomal dominant disorder | mutation in fibrillin I gene resulting in abnormal elastin

Question 35

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 35

brittle bone disease autosomal dominant results from mutation in collagen

Question 36

What are three symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 36

gum disease impaired bone formation poor wound healing

Question 37

What are three features of marfan's syndrome?

Answer 37

``` arachnodactyly joint dislocation greater span than height risk of aortic rupture tall and thin ```

Question 38

What are some features of osteogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 38

``` weaken bones short hearing loss hypermobility poor teeth development ```