Energy reactions in cells Flashcards
(20 cards)
define metabolism
set of processes which derive energy and raw materials from food stuffs and use them to support repair, growth and activity of the body to sustain life
Define catabolism
breakdown of larger molecules
release energy
oxidative
Define anabolism
synthesis large molecules
require energy
reductive
Why doe cells need continuous supply fo energy?
biosynthesis
transport
specialised functions- contraction etc
What is an exergonic reaction?
release energy
spontaneous
negative delta G
What is an endergonic reaction?
require energy
postive delta G
not spontaneous
What is oxidation?
loss of electron/ H atom
What is reduction?
gain of electron/H atom
Name some carrier molecules giver their oxidised and reduced forms.
NAD+–> NADH + H
NADP+–> NADPH + H
FAD+–> FADH2
What is the role of the carrier molecules?
carriers of reducing power for ATP production and biosynthesis
What vitamin do carrier molecules contain?
B
How is energy release from ATP?
energy conserved in the beta gamma phosphate bond (terminal phosphate group) when this is broken energy is released
What reaction does creatine phosphatase catalyse? What does it require? When does it occur?
creatine to phosphocreatine
ATP
occurs when ATP levels are high
When does phosphocreatine provide energy?
when ATP concentration decrease provides short burst of energy
What is creatine kinase a marker of? What isoforms specifically?
MI specific isoform increase in blood
CK-MM and CK-MB
What do creatine and phospho creatine break down to>
creatinine
What does creatinine provide a marker of?
indication of muscle mass
What are high energy signals and what pathways do they activate?
ATP
anabolic pathways activated
What are low energy signals and what pathways doe they activate?
ADP
AMP
catabolic pathways activated
What enzyme cataylses 2ADP–> AMP and ATP? What does this reaction do?
adenylate kinase
scavenge ATP in low energy state
