ANS ICCP

Question 1

What are the three subdivisions of the ANS

Answer 1

sympathetic
parasympthetic
enteric

Question 2

What does the parasympathetic ns control?

Answer 2

rest and digest

Question 3

What does the sympathetic ns control?

Answer 3

fight or flight

Question 4

Where do the cell bodies of the parasympathetic NS originate ?

Answer 4

lateral horn medullary or scaral spinal cord

Question 5

Where do the cell bodies of the sympathetic NS ?originate ?

Answer 5

lateral horn of the lumbar or thoracic spinal cord

Question 6

Are the preganglionic axons of the sympathetic NS myelinated?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

Are the post ganglionic axons of the sympathetic NS myelinated?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

Are the preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic NS myelinated?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

Are the postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic NS myelinated?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

What NT and receptor are found at ganglion?

Answer 10

nAChR

ACh

Question 11

What NT and receptor are found at effector in parasympathetic ns?

Answer 11

ACh

M1-M5 mAChR

Question 12

What NT and receptor are found at effector in sympathetic ns predominantly ?

Answer 12

noradrenaline

alpha and beta receptors predominantly

Question 13

Where are cholinergic synapses found in effectors of sympathetic ns?

Answer 13

sweat glands

hair follicles

Question 14

What do adrenoreceptors and muscarinic ACh receptors have in common ?

Answer 14

both GPCRs

Question 15

Name 4 non adrenergic- non cholinergic transmitters

Answer 15

ATP
NO
Serotonin
neuropeptides

Question 16

What is the postganglionic neuron in the adrenal medulla?

Answer 16

chromaffin cell

Question 17

What receptors control heart in sympathetic ns, what is the effect?

Answer 17

beta 1

decrease HR

Question 18

What receptors control heart in parasympathetic ns, what is the effect ?

Answer 18

M2

increase HR and contraction force

Question 19

What are the smooth muscle effects in the parasympathetic ns?

Answer 19

lungs M3 - broncho constriction
GI increase motility
GU bladder contract/ sphincter relax
eye- ciliary muscle contract

Question 20

What are the smooth muscle effects in the sympathetic ns?

Answer 20

vaso constriction to divert blood- alpha1/ beta 2
somtimes vasodilation
beta 2 bronchiolar/ intestinal/uterine relaxation

Question 21

What are the glandular effects in the sympathetic ns?

Answer 21

increase salivary secretion

Question 22

What are the glandular effects in the parasympathetic ns?

Answer 22

increase sweat
saliva
lacrimal

Question 23

Which nerve send signals from chemoreceptors to secondary sensory neurons in medulla oblongata?

Answer 23

glossopharngeal nerve

Question 24

Where are secondary sensory neurons in ANS found?

Answer 24

medulla oblongata

Question 25

What integrates afferent information to modulate efferent ANS response?

Answer 25

nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 26

What is dysautonomia?

Answer 26

malfunction of ans | umbrella term

Question 27

Name the main step in nt release that are targeted therapeutically

Answer 27

acting on post synaptic receptors inactivating nt release reuptake/ degradation of nt interaction with pre synaptic R

Question 28

How is ACh synthesised?

Answer 28

acetyl co A + choline to Ach and con enzyme A | choline acetyl transferase enzyme

Question 29

How is ACh degraded?

Answer 29

ACh to acetate and choline | acetylcholinesterase enzyme

Question 30

Name a nAChR ganglion blocking drug. Are they regularly used?

Answer 30

trimethaphan | no due to side effects

Question 31

Can you slecetivley target m1-m5 receptors?

Answer 31

no some show tissue selectivity

Question 32

Name a mAChR antagonist that used to treat overactive bladder syndrome

Answer 32

tolterodine

Question 33

What mAChR is used to treat glaucoma? Why is is okay and not have many side effects?

Answer 33

pilocarpine | delivered locally eye drops not systemically

Question 34

What are ipratropium and tiotropium used for?

Answer 34

antagonists of mAChR they stop broncho constriction | used to treat asthma and COPD

Question 35

What is used to treat myasthenia gravis? What is it mechanism of action?

Answer 35

pyridostigmine | AChE inhibitor so increase ACh levels

Question 36

What does the menomic SLUDGE stand for?

Answer 36

``` symptoms indicative of parasympathetic overstimulation salivation lacrimation urination defecation GI upset Emesis ```

Question 37

What can cause SLUDGE syndrome? Why are the SLUDGE symptoms caused?

Answer 37

``` nerve agents organophosphates magic mushrooms drug overdose overstimulation of parasympathetic ns some drugs covalently modify AChE ```

Question 38

What can be used to treat SLUDGE?

Answer 38

atropine a mAChR antagonist | pralidoxime which removes covalent modification of AChE

Question 39

What are variscosities?

Answer 39

specialised sites for Ca dependent noradrenaline release part of axonal network of postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 40

How is noradrenaline synthesised?

Answer 40

tyrosine DOPA dopamine noradrenaline

Question 41

What enzyme catalyses the production of adrenaline from noradrenaline?

Answer 41

phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Question 42

What are the mechanisms of noradrenaline reuptake ?

Answer 42

1. Na dependent high affintiy transporter | 2. low affinity non-neuronal mechanism

Question 43

What enzymes are involved in the metabolism of noradrenaline ?

Answer 43

``` monoamine oxidase (MAO) Cactecho-o-methyl transferase (COMT) ```

Question 44

What does salbutamol do? what does it treat?

Answer 44

b2 receptor selective agonist | treat asthma induce broncho dilation

Question 45

What do doxazosin and atenolol do? What do they treat?

Answer 45

alpha 1 / beta 1 antagonist | trate hypertension