Bones 2

Question 1

malignant primary tumors of bone and cartilage

Answer 1

chondrosarcoma
osteosarcoma
multilobular tumor of bone

Question 2

malignant neoplasms arising from chondrocytes

Answer 2

chondrosarcoma

Question 3

location chondrosarcoma

Answer 3

flat bones

Question 4

location of chondrosarcoma in older large breed dogs

Answer 4

nasal bones
ribs
pelvis

Question 5

location of chondrosarcoma in sheep

Answer 5

ribs
sternum

Question 6

lymph nodes with chondrosarcoma

Answer 6

regional nodes
lungs
tracheobronchial nodes

Question 7

most common tumor in large and giant dogs breeds but have been diagnosed in smaller dogs as well

Answer 7

osteosarcoma

Question 8

location of osteosarcoma generally

Answer 8

long bones
sometimes in head, ribs, vertebra and pelvis

Question 9

location of osteosarcoma in dogs

Answer 9

proximal humerus and distal radius/ulna on front leg

distal femur and proximal tibia on rear limb

Question 10

devoid of direct blood flow so its ability to respond to injury and heal is limited

Answer 10

articular cartilage

Question 11

an early degenerative change of damaged articular cartilage with superficial erosion of the cartilage surface (dull, rough, yellow)

Answer 11

fibrillation

Question 12

secondary to loss of structural proteoglycans

Answer 12

fibrillation

Question 13

characterized by complete localized loss of articular cartilage leading to exposure of the underlying subchondral bone

Answer 13

eburnation

Question 14

lesions of eburnation

Answer 14

exposed subchondral bone thickened
ulceration of articular cartilage on the mating surface

Question 15

bony outgrowths that form from chondrification/ossification of fibrous tissue

Answer 15

osteophytosis

Question 16

location of osteophytosis

Answer 16

immediately adjacent to joints where the articular cartilage meets the periosteum or synovial capsule

Question 17

causes of osteophytes

Answer 17

joint instability
joint injury

Question 18

lesions of osteophytes

Answer 18

bone spurs
permanent joint deformation
non-specific indication of chronic joint damage

Question 19

free floating, viable fragments of cartilage and bone within a joint space

Answer 19

joint mouse

Question 20

common, non-specific reaction to a chronically damaged synovial membrane becomes roughened and velvety

Answer 20

villous hyperplasia / hypertrophy

Question 21

cells present in villous hyperplasia

Answer 21

lymphocytes
plasma cells
hemosiderin-laden macrophages

Question 22

thickening of the synovium secondary to the deposition of granulation tissue and fibrous tissue in response to chronic joint injury

Answer 22

joint pannus

Question 23

sequelae of long term villous hyperplasia

Answer 23

joint pannus

Question 24

fibrous tissues surrounding the joint leading to stiffness and limited mobility

Answer 24

arthrofibrosis

Question 25

cause of arthrofibrosis

Answer 25

chronic injury leading to the proliferation and organization of periarticular fibrous tissue

Question 26

severely damaged joint with a wide variety of joint lesions leading to complete immobile, and mineralization can lead to joint ankylosis

Answer 26

end-stage joint disease

Question 27

abnormalities of joint growth and development

Answer 27

arthrogryposis hip dysplasia patella subluxation elbow dysplasia

Question 28

congenital contracture involving one or more joints caused by viruses leading to decreased movement within the uterus

Answer 28

arthrogryposis

Question 29

plants causing arthrogryposis

Answer 29

maternal intoxication with poison hemlock and lupine plants

Question 30

condition is a biomechanical disease secondary to hip joint instability resulting in chronic hip subluxation till chronic degenerative joint disease

Answer 30

hip dysplasia

Question 31

caused by shallow trochlear grooves either unilateral or bilateral commonly in small breed dogs

Answer 31

patella subluxation

Question 32

inherited polygenic disease commonly observed in large breed dogs between 6-12 months of age with persistent forelimb lameness

Answer 32

elbow dysplasia

Question 33

causes of elbow dysplasia lameness

Answer 33

osteochondrosis in medial humeral condyle fragmentation of medial coronoid process ununited anconeal process

Question 34

initiating factor of elbow dysplasia

Answer 34

malalignment of distal humerus, radius and ulna