Parasites, Fungus and Non-Infectious Inflammation - Neurology

Question 1

Sarcocystis neurona

Answer 1

Equine protozoal encephalomyelitis (EPM)

Question 2

lesions of EPM

Answer 2

necrotizing myelitis
mononuclear PVCs
infiltration of parenchyma
sarcocystis organisms demonstrable

Question 3

sarcocystis neurona sequelae in young adults

Answer 3

encephalitis
myleitis

Question 4

morphological diagnosis of EPM

Answer 4

focal liquefactive necrosis
protozoal encephalitis and myelitis

Question 5

lesions of helminths

Answer 5

suppurative inflammation + eosinophils = granulomatous response

Question 6

sequelae of nematodes

Answer 6

hemorrhage
malacia
migratory tracts
vascular proliferation
macrophage invasion
PVC
eosinophils

Question 7

cestodes found with in the CNS

Answer 7

echinococcosis
coenurus cerebralis (multiceps multiceps)

Question 8

lesions of multiceps

Answer 8

compression
abscessation
granulomatous
inflammation
hemorrhage around cysts

Question 9

insects of concern in cats

Answer 9

cuterebriasis

Question 10

insect of concern in sheep

Answer 10

ostrus ovis

Question 11

insect of concern in cattle

Answer 11

hypoderma bovis

Question 12

larval migration into the CNS of dogs and cats through the nasal cavity causing vasculitis, hemorrhage, thrombosis and widespread subependymal encephalopathy

Answer 12

cuterebra spp.

Question 13

sequelae of cuterebra spp widespread subependymal rarefaction in cats

Answer 13

feline ischemic encephalopathy

Question 14

pathway of oestrus ovis in sheep

Answer 14

larvae in nasal cavity burrow through the ethmoid bone to the brain

Question 15

intial neuropathological pattern of mycotic diseases of the CNS

Answer 15

suppurative inflammation
+vasculitis
parenchymal destruction

Question 16

Mycotic disease:
necrotizing purulent meningoencephalitis
+vascular necrosis, thrombosis, PVC

Answer 16

candidiasis

Question 17

mycotic disease:
suppurative meningitis and submeningeal encephalitis
+ ependymitis, plexus choroditis, subependymal parenchyma

Answer 17

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 18

most common systemic mycosis to involve brain

Answer 18

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 19

location in dogs of crytpococcus neoformans

Answer 19

meninges, paranasal sinuses

Question 20

lesion seen with cryptococcus neoformans in dogs

Answer 20

granulomatous menigoencephalitis

Question 21

location of C. neoformans in cats

Answer 21

nasal cavity, pharynx

Question 22

lesion of C. neoformans in cats

Answer 22

nonsuppurative meningoecncephalitis

Question 23

mycotic disease in dogs and cats causing pyogranulomatous encephalitis

Answer 23

blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 24

excessive IgA production due to immune dysregulation with a skewed Th2 response often called Beagle Pain

Answer 24

steroid responsive meningitis arteritis

Question 25

CS of SRMA

Answer 25

young adult dogs acute relapsing fever neutrophilia neck pain reluctance to move glucocorticosteroid responsive

Question 26

lesion of SRMA

Answer 26

suppurative meningitis mononuclear infiltrates necrotizing arteritis of spinal arteries

Question 27

middle aged, small breed dogs marked PVC lymphocytes T lymphocytic-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity

Answer 27

Canine granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME)

Question 28

chronic progressive condition (3-6 months) nondular granuloma formation (SOL)

Answer 28

Focal GME

Question 29

acute, progressive condition (2-6 weeks) lower brain stem, cervical spinal cord and meninges **death within a week**

Answer 29

multifocal or disseminated GME

Question 29

unilateral or bilateral acute, progressive or static

Answer 29

ocular form GME

Question 29

multifocal necrotic cavitating lesions lymphocytes

Answer 29

canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME)

Question 29

other name for NME

Answer 29

Pug Dog encephalitis

Question 30

large focal symmetrical bilateral malacic necrotizing lesions hemispheric white matter and brainstem

Answer 30

canine necrotizing encephalitis (NE)

Question 31

lesions of canine NE

Answer 31

loss of white matter thick PV cuffing NOT cortex or meninge involvment