Trauma/ Miscell. and Neoplasia - Neuro

Question 1

trauma to CNS most concerning

Answer 1

contusion
injury to spinal cord bc of IVDD
equine wobbles

Question 2

applied force and brain displacement are more severe than in a concussion

Answer 2

contusion

Question 3

focal hemorrhage at the point of impact

Answer 3

coup

Question 4

diffuse severe hemorrhage on the surface of the brain opposite to the point of impact

Answer 4

contrecoup

Question 5

determines coup or contrecoup

Answer 5

amount of energy dissipated at the site of direct impact

Question 6

impact from a small hard object

Answer 6

coup contusion

Question 7

energy tends to dissipate at the impact site

Answer 7

coup contusion

Question 8

impact from a larger object

Answer 8

contrecoup contusion

Question 9

engery dissipated at the beginning or end of the head motion

Answer 9

contrecoup contusion

Question 10

brain accelerates into the frontal and sphenoid plates

Answer 10

contrecoup lesion

Question 11

thick zone of fibrous tissue surrounding the nucleus pulpsus

Answer 11

annulus fibrosus

Question 12

central semi-solid mucoid connective tissue

Answer 12

nucleus pulposus

Question 13

chondroid metaplasia & calcification of NP + tears/fissures in AF

Answer 13

IVVD Hansen Type 1

Question 14

cause of Hansen Type 1 IVDD

Answer 14

mutation in FGF4

Question 15

dehydration & collangenization of NP and degeneration of AF

Answer 15

IVDD Hansen Type 2

Question 16

cause of IVDD Hansen Type 2

Answer 16

senility

Question 17

lesions of Hansen Type 1 IVDD

Answer 17

acute rupture of AF
protrusion of NP into spinal canal
compression of the spinal cord, inflammation and nerve destruction

Question 18

lesions of Hansen Type 2 IVDD

Answer 18

nuclear material escapes into the anuular area (bulging disk)

Question 19

lesions of IVDD

Answer 19

hemorrhage
malacia
inflammation
embolism of disc material

Question 20

embolism of disc material can cause what

Answer 20

fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCEM)

Question 21

compression on nervous tissue causing hypoxia-ischemia, necrosis and direct damage to compressed axons in horses

Answer 21

cervical vertebral malformation (CVM)
Wobbler syndrome

Question 22

2 CVMs in horses

Answer 22

cervical static stenosis (CSS)
cervical vertebral instability (CVI)

Question 23

wobbler syndrome 8-18 months
C3 to C5
ventroflexion

Answer 23

cervical vertebral instability

Question 24

wobbler syndrome 1-4 years
C5-C7
static

Answer 24

cervical static stenosis

Question 25

sequelae of Wobble syndrome

Answer 25

spinal cord compression myelomalacia ataxia

Question 26

incidental finding in old dogs cerebral and spinal dura of elongated metaplastic plates of bone

Answer 26

ossifying pachymeningitis

Question 27

lesions of ossifying pachymeningitis

Answer 27

ovoid thin whitish to mottled red

Question 28

sequelae of ossifying pachmeningitis

Answer 28

pressure on spinal cord and nerve roots (Wallerian degeneration and necrosis) posterior paresis or paralysis

Question 29

tail paralysis loss of sphincter tone -urinary bladder, rectum

Answer 29

neuritis of the cauda equina

Question 30

lesions of neuritis of the cauda equina

Answer 30

serous neuritis of the cauda equina hyperemia hemorrhage fibrinous exudation

Question 31

degeneration of the choroid plexus in old horses and not a true neoplasm

Answer 31

cholesteatosis

Question 32

pathogenesis of cholesteatosis

Answer 32

post-inflammatory changes

Question 33

lesions in lateral ventricles of cholesteatosis

Answer 33

cholesterol crystals cholesterol clefts fibrosis

Question 34

most common primary neoplasm of the CNS in cats

Answer 34

meningiomas

Question 35

most common neoplasm in cattle

Answer 35

nerve sheath cell tumors

Question 36

most common neoplasm in dogs

Answer 36

gliomas

Question 37

which breeds are more common to get gliomas

Answer 37

boxers boston terriers

Question 38

CS of CNS Neoplasm

Answer 38

SOL = compression infiltration and tissue destruction hydrocephalus epilepsy behavioral changes

Question 39

what are the primary neoplasms of the CNS

Answer 39

meningeal tumors glial tumors neuronal tumors embryonal tumors ependymoma

Question 40

origin of menigeal tumors

Answer 40

arachnoid cells

Question 41

growth by expansion compress but seldom invade well-demarcated, firm, encapsulated gray/white to red-brown

Answer 41

meningeal tumors

Question 42

most common glial tumor

Answer 42

astrocytoma

Question 43

site of astrocytoma

Answer 43

brain or spinal cord

Question 44

variable appearance undetected well differentiated: poorly demarcated, firm, grey-white anaplastic: well-demarcated, soft & friable

Answer 44

astrocytoma

Question 45

well-demarcated, gray to pink-red, soft/ gelatinous, cyst-like cellularly dense

Answer 45

oligodendroglioma

Question 46

small cell malignant embryonal tumors neuronal/glial/ rarely mesenchymal

Answer 46

embryonal tumors

Question 47

2 types of embryonal tumors

Answer 47

medulloblastoma neuroblastoma

Question 48

unknown cell of origin arise from undifferentiated cells cerebellum cerebrum pons well-cricumscribed, soft, gray-pink

Answer 48

medulloblastoma

Question 49

sequelae of medulloblastoma

Answer 49

hydrocephalus

Question 50

origin ependymal cells large intracentricular masses well-demarcated, soft, gray-white, invasive, destruction gelatinous expansile mass

Answer 50

ependymoma

Question 51

sequelae of ependymoma

Answer 51

cysts necrosis hemorrhage hydrocephalus

Question 52

secondary metastatic neoplasms of the CNS

Answer 52

hemangiosarcoma mammary adenocarcinoma lymphosarcoma malignant melanoma squamous cell carcinoma