Necrosis - Neuro

Question 1

softening of CNS tissue associated with encephalitis, trauma, anoxia

Answer 1

malacia

Question 2

lesions of malacia

Answer 2

malacia + hemorrhage
selective necrosis/ loss of neurons, axons, myelin
spongy state

Question 3

distribution pattern of malacia in the cerebral cortex

Answer 3

junction of grey and white matter

Question 4

reactions of malacia

Answer 4

gitter cells
endothelial swelling/ hyperplasia

Question 5

grey matter

Answer 5

poliomalacia

Question 6

white matter

Answer 6

leukomalacia

Question 7

brain as a whole necrosis

Answer 7

encephalomalacia

Question 8

spinal cord necrosis

Answer 8

myelomalacia

Question 9

brain and spinal cord malacia

Answer 9

encephalomyelomalacia

Question 10

normal process of cell death

Answer 10

apoptosis

Question 11

causes of apoptotic cell death

Answer 11

utero viral infection
mild ischemia
excitotoxins
corticosteroids
proinflammatory cytokines
rabies virus

Question 12

apoptosis morphological changes

Answer 12

shrinkage
cytoplasmic condensation
chromatin clumping/ fragmentation
cleavage of nuclear chromatin
** no inflammation**

Question 13

affects groups of cells
hydropic degeneration
pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis
** inflammation **

Answer 13

necrosis

Question 14

vascular necrosis causes

Answer 14

thrombosis
embolism
vasculitis
ruptured aneurysms

Question 15

causes of necrosis

Answer 15

vascular
cerebral hypoxia
toxins
infection
nutritional

Question 16

thiamine (vitamin B1 deficiency)

Answer 16

cerebral hypoxia

Question 17

common toxins of necrosis

Answer 17

yellow star thistle, locoweed
mycotoxicosis

Question 18

necrosis in selective areas in the CNS due to specific toxin or nutritional deficiency

Answer 18

focal

Question 19

causes of focal necrosis

Answer 19

FSE in sheep
equine leukoencephalomalacia (moldy corn)
equine nigropallidal encephlomalacia (yellow star thistle)
a

Question 20

necrosis due to selective susceptibility of various cell sin the CNS to hypoxia

Answer 20

laminar pattern necrosis

Question 21

causes of laminar pattern necrosis

Answer 21

thiamine depletion
salt poisoning
lead poisoning
high sulfur diets
mostly ruminants and pigs

Question 22

vitamin B1 deficiency

Answer 22

polioencephalomalacia

Question 23

vitamin E deficiency

Answer 23

avain encephalomalacia

Question 24

vitamin A

Answer 24

blindness

Question 25

Copper deficiency

Answer 25

bilateral leukoencephalomalacia + axonal degeneration

Question 26

yellow star thistle

Answer 26

nigropallidal malacia

Question 27

lead poisoning in cattle/horse/dogs

Answer 27

laminar necrosis

Question 28

selenium poisoning in pigs

Answer 28

poliomyelomalacia

Question 29

salt poisoning in pigs

Answer 29

laminar necrosis + eosinophilic ME

Question 30

high sulfur diets in ruminants

Answer 30

polioencephalomalacia

Question 31

moldy corn / fumonisin B1 toxicity

Answer 31

leukoencephalomalacia

Question 32

clostridium perfringens Type D

Answer 32

encephalomalacia (FSE)

Question 33

prominent hemorrhage softening, swollen gyri friable and irregular on cut surface bruising possible

Answer 33

acute stage malacia

Question 34

green/ yellow/ brown color liquefaction large cavities filled with gelatinous, opaque yellow/ brown fluid flattened gyri brain edema

Answer 34

subacute to chronic malacia

Question 35

macroscopic appearance thin, continuous, pale, gelatinous line seen at the corticomedullary junction or within the grey matter parallel to the surface of brain with a line of seperation between the grey and white matter becoming evident

Answer 35

laminar cortical necrosis polioencephalomalacia

Question 36

polioencephalomalacia histopath

Answer 36

astrocytic swelling ischemic cell change edema gitter cells * flourescence

Question 37

microscopic histopath of malacia

Answer 37

necrotic neurons and glial cells accumulations of gitter cells pale staining of affected nervous tissue